摘 要
Motorola 公司和 General Electric Company 都实行了 6sigma 的管理方法，并且最终
取得了很大的成效，因此，6sigma 管理方法逐渐为人们所熟知，进而目前发展到在世界范
围内，其被数目众多的优秀的大型公司所接受并被广泛的应用，最终都取得了持续的成功。
而 6sigma 管理方法在中国企业界的应用开始于二十世纪九十年代，用于提升管理的质量
和生产效率进而最终达到提高企业在所在行业的核心竞争能力。
生产力的质量和效率是以制造业为主的企业的两大核心竞争要素。总结以往的 6sigma
应用经验和方法，可以发现 6sigma 往往被拿来客克服产品的质量问题以及在生产中的遇
到的难题，但关于研究 6sigma 将其应用于提升产品的生产效率方面的成果较为少见。因
此，6sigma 与生产线平衡方法应有机结合起来。可以带来三个方面的好处：1）增加所生
产产品的质量稳定性；2）减小产品的不合格变异性；3）增加收入（生产效率提高所致）。
综合而言，6sigma 与生产线平衡方法的完美融合的应用具有较多方面的益处。
本文的研究首先分析了中国制造企业中 6sigma 管理应用出现的难点，然后，将与现
实中存在的某公司的实际情况相结合，主要研究 6sigma 方法应用于某产品型号的推土机
的生产与组装过程，重点针对于 6sigma 方法对于生产组装线的平衡和优化，在保证质量
的前提下提升装配效率。具体过程如下：
1）在梳理推土机组装及生产的现状和总结订单的整体要求的基础上，产生 Y（6sigma
项目目标）；
2）为提高 160 型推土机人均日产出及范围，同时确立项目团队及预计财务收益；
3) 制备相关的数据收集计划，列出 IP0 流程图及鱼骨图将因素及因子较为直观的表
现出来；
4）通过 6sigma 常用工具柏拉图(PLATO 图)、直方图和 SOD 分析，得出影响生产效率
的主要过程：工段位置、工位的有效控制、物料的配送及安置方法等方面；
5）建立生产及监督管理流程的实时监测程序（Mol 及线平衡率监督），并在此基础之
上，对实时监测现场的生产数据进行分析，利用优化方法、线平衡率分析和物料分析等方
法改善关键因子 Xs，最终达到提升生产效率的目的。
6）得出最终的财务受益，并且将上述研究成果梳理成相关的管理流程，为将来的应
用提供保证。
关键词：6sigma DMAIC 生产线平衡
ABSTRACT
6 sigma management method were applied in the Motorola and GE, which achieved a lot of
benefits at lst. So, 6 sigma management method is gradually known by people, and then spread
to all over the world at present, and it is accepted by numerous excellent large companies and
widely application. Finally all of them have made continued success. Application of 6 sigma
management method in corporations for China began in the 1990 s. It was used to improve the
quality of management and production efficiency and eventually to improve enterprise core
competitive ability in industry.
The quality and efficiency of productivity are the mainly two core competitive factors of
manufacturing enterprises. Through the summary of six sigma application experience and
methods, it can be found that 6 sigma is often used to overcome the product quality problems
and difficulties in production, but the study on six sigma applying in improving production
efficiency is relatively rare. As a result, the 6sigma should be combined with production line
balance method. It can bring the benefits of the three aspects: 1) increasing the stability of the
quality of the product production; 2) reducing the unqualified product variability; 3) increasing
revenue (efficiency gains).
For the study of this article, it analyzes the Chinese manufacturers of 6 sigma management
application in difficulty, then, it will work with the reality of the actual situation of a company. It
mainly researched the method of six sigma application in the production of a product model of
bulldozer and assembly process, and focused on six sigma method for production of assembly
line balance and optimization, to enhance assembly efficiency on the premise of guarantee
quality.Specific process is as follows:
1) In carding machine assembly and production present situation and on the basis of the
overall requirements of the order, Y (6 sigma project objectives) was generated.
2) The per capita and scope of 160 type bulldozer were enhanced, project team was
established, and the expected financial was gained.
3) Relevant data collection plan was prepared, the IP0 flow diagram was listed and fishbone
diagram can present factors and factor is more intuitive.
4) Through six sigma tools commonly used PLATO (PLATO chart), histograms and SOD
analysis, it indicates that the main process affecting the production efficiency, effectively control
section location, location, distribution of the material and method and so on.
5) Establishing the real-time monitoring program for supervision and administration of
production and process, and on this basis, the production data of real-time monitoring on site was
analyzed. Using optimization method, line balance rate analysis and material analysis and other
methods to improve the key factor to Xs. Ultimately the goal of improvement of the production
efficiency was achieved.
6) At last the final financial benefits were achieved, and the research achievements
mentioned above were changed into related management process, to provide guarantee for future
application.
KEY WORDS：6sigma , DMAIC, Line balance