其主要任务是筹集农村闲散资金,为“三农”即农业、农民和农村经济发展提供
金融服务。另外,依照国家法律和金融政策规定,组织和调节农村基金,支持农
业生产和农村综合发展,支持各种形式的合作经济和社员家庭经济。
贷款利息收入是农村信用社的主要收入来源。农村信用社是银行类金融机构,
需要利用先进、科学的贷款管理办法,加强贷款管理、提高信贷资产质量。农村
信用社信贷风险主要表现为信用风险、操作风险与市场风险。贷款的风险管理是
农村信用社风险管理的核心任务。不良贷款的产生主要是内部和外部因素综合作
用的结果。农村信用社需要从可持续发展的高度上深刻认识贷款风险管理的重要
性,有效规避风险并使风险与收益优化。农户联保贷款模式在防范信用风险、降
低审计成本、避免逆向选择、提高还款率和稳定农村金融市场起到了积极作用。
农村信用社的信贷风险管理与国内外大型商业银行相比,在风险管理意识、
风险管理体系、风险管理办法等方面还存在差距。风险管理是一个系统的过程,
农村信用社应积极探索适合自身实际发展情况的贷款模式,不断的完善贷款管理。
J县农村信用社将以科学发展观统领全局,以促进j县经济平稳较快发展为首
要任务,牢固树立争创一流金融机构的奋斗目标,坚持稳健经营、稳步发展的经
营理念,努力将j农村信用社打造成面向全县经济社会发展,以服务三农”、社
区居民、中小企业和县域经济为主,产权明晰、管理规范、有较强竞争力的现代
化地方银行,为新农村建设和全县社会经济发展做出积极的贡献。
ABSTRACT
Rural credit cooperative is a rural cooperative financial institutions, the
implementation of democratic management, the establishment is approved by the
people's Bank of China,,composed of membership,, democratic management, its
main fimction is the cooperative financial institutions providing financial services
primarily for members of the rural. Rural credit cooperatives have is an independent
enterprise legal person qualification, responsibility for the debt of rural credit agency
with all its assets, according to law, enjoy civil rights, and bear the corresponding
legal responsibility, the debt of rural credit cooperatives, at the same time. The
legitimate rights and interests of property, and to carry out business activities are
protected by the national law. Its main task is to raise rural idle funds, for the three
rural “ agriculture, farmers and rural economic development to provide financial
services. In addition, in accordance with the provisions of state laws and financial
policy, organization and regulation of rural firnd, in support of agricultural production
and rural comprehensive development, support various forms of cooperative economy
and members of family economy. Loan interest income is the main source of income of
the rural credit cooperatives. Rural credit cooperatives is the banking financial
institutions, require the use of advanced, scientific credit management, strengthen
the credit management, improve the quality of credit assets. The risk of rural credit
cooperative mainly for credit risk, operation risk and market risk. The management of
credit risk is the core task of risk management of rural credit cooperatives. Have a bad
loans mainly is the comprehensive result of internal and external factors. Rural credit
cooperatives needs from the height of sustainable development and profound
understanding of the importance of credit risk management,effective risk aversion and
risk and revenue optimization. Peasant peer-selection loan pattern in the prevention of
credit risk, reduce the audit cost, avoid adverse selection, improve the repayment
rate and stability of rural financial market has played a positive role. The rural credit
cooperatives credit risk management and large domestic and foreign commercial b^iks,
there is a gap in the consciousness of risk management, risk management system, risk
management measures. Risk management is a systematic process, rural credit
cooperatives should actively explore for its actual development loan pattern, perfect
credit management continuously. The J County Rural credit agency will with the
scientific outlook on development to guide the overall situation, in order to promote
steady and rapid development of county economy is the primary task of J, firmly
establish the first-class financial goals, adhere to sound management, the steady
development of the business philosophy, efforts will J rural credit cooperatives into a
surface to the development of the county economy and society,to serve the three rural
“, community residents, small and medium-sized enterprises and the county
economy, clear property rights, management norms, with strong competitiveness
and modernization of local banks, and make positive contribution to the new rural
construction and the county economic development.
Key words: loan risk management, pattern of rural credit cooperatives of
farmers
第1章引言
1.1研究背景及意义
1.1.1研究背景
金融市场,竞争形势愈演愈烈,农村信用社不再是一枝独秀。村镇银行、贷
款公司、农村资金互助社相继成立,邮储银行等在农村增设网点。银监会支持大
型商业银行在农村增设机构网点,延伸服务渠道。批准外资法人银行在其总行或
分行所在城市辖内的外向型企业密集市县设立支行,支持当地县域经济、外向型
经济以及新农村建设。积极稳妥培育村镇银行、贷款公司和农村资金互助社等三
类新型农村金融机构,调整组建核准程序,鼓励按照区域挂钩的原则集约化组建
村镇银行。
截至2011年底,全国242家银行业金融机构共发起设立786家新型农村金融
机构,其中村镇银行726家(已开业635家),贷款公司10家,农村资金互助社
50家(已开业46家);473家分布在中西部地区,占60.2%, 313家分布在东部地
区,占39.8%。新型农村金融机构累计吸引各类资本369亿元,各项贷款余额1,
316亿元,其中小企业贷款余额620亿元,农户贷款余额432亿元,两者合计占各
项贷款余额的80%。
国家鼓励和引导民间资本进入金融服务领域。,并且对于民间资本允许其兴办
允许民间资本兴办金融机构。,同时,在加强有效监管、促进规范经营、防范金融
风险的同时前提下,放宽对金融机构的股比限制放宽政策,。对于支持民间资本以
入股方式参与商业银行的增资扩股持支持态度,且参与农村信用社、城市信用社
的改制工作。鼓励民间资本发起或参与设立村镇银行、贷款公司、农村资金互助
社等金融机构,放宽村镇银行或社区银行中法人银行最低出资比例的限制。对于
简化中小金融机构呆账核销审核程序进行简化,。适当放宽小额贷款公司单一投资
者持股比例限制,对小额贷款公司的涉农业务实行与村镇银行同等的财政补贴政
策。支持民间资本发起设立信用担保公司,完善信用担保公司的风险补偿机制和
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