因为垄断意味着排斥竞争,没有竞争的企业,就谈不上市场营销。
本文从研究电力市场机制入手,通过借鉴国内外电力市场改革的经验,在全
面系统的分析我国电力市场特点的基础上,提出了适合我国电力市场发展的机
制。只有建立这样的机制,才会有真正的电力营销活动。本文对电力营销的基本
理论进行了阐述,比较了电力营销与其他产品营销方式及内容的不同,分析了宏
观环境对电力企业营销的影响,并提出了电力企业如何制定自已的经营战略。
本文采用了环比分析法,在对承德电力市场进行系统的调查研究的基础上,
结合承德市电力市场的特点和历史数据,对承德市电力市场的需求进行了预测。
在进行全面分析和预测的基础上,引入市场营销学理论,提出营销战略及具体的
营销策略。最后,简单介绍了电力市场营销中一个非常有前景的概念~电力需求
侧管理。
本文论题来源于实践,在研究过程中注意理论与实践相结合,强调在实际工
作中的针对性、有效性,为我国电力市场机制的建立及承德市电力市场营销提供
了决策依据和实施方案。
关键词:电力市场市场机制电力营销电力需求预测营销战略及策略
Abstract
According to the development of the marketing economy,and the accumuJating
of the treasure,the market of the products h私been changed from seller market to
buver market。Therefore,the reformation of power industry has been through several
stages- .一
Firstly,we USed variety means to put money together into the power industry.
Secondly,the power company has been formed.Simultaneously,the power industry
department of Chinese government has been canceled.Nowadays,the old operation
model of power industry can not fit the new economy situation.Reformation is the
only way to such problem.Traditionally speaking,the power industry was totally
controlled by the govemment.In this ScHse,marketing was the last step in the whole
management system.We totally neglect the vital role of marketing in the economy.In
other words,monopoly means no competition.If there is no competition in the
company,there is no real marketing.
We regard market mechanism as a turning poim,and also with the reference of
the experience of the foreign power market,and the situation of Chinese power
market as welI.This paper presents the mechanism which iS suitable for onr own
power market.Based on such mechanism,the activity of the power marketing call
only come true in China.
This paper also presents the theory of the power marketing,comparing the
difference from the power marketing to others,the environment of our society,and
provides the strategy and solution for power company.
Based on the idea ofthe comparing tIle data with the same period.we did Iots of
research of power market in ChengDe citybining the situation of this city and
historic data,we predicate the demands of power marketing in ChengDe.We provide
the marketing strategy and the solution as well in this paper.Then we introduce a very
promising idea—the management ofthe demanding part ofthe power marketing.
111e main idea of this paper based on the practice.The process of systematic
analysis focuses on both theories and practices.Especially concentrating on the
effectiveness and peainence in the real world.It presents the basis to the decision and
implementing scheme for the establishment and development ofpower marketing and
also a real solution to the problems in ChengDe city.
Keywords:power market marketing mechanism
predication of the demands of power market
tactics ofmarketing
power marketing
the strategy and
第一章前言
1.1我国电力市场的发展及现状
从80年代中期到现在,中国电力工业的改革经历了两个大的阶段:一是从
80年代中期开始的以解决缺电为目标,实行集资办电、多家办电、多渠道办电
和利用外资办电的政策。此阶段的改革的目标比较单一,行动迅速,效果显著。
二是从1996年起,在电力供需大体平衡的情况下,电力工业改革从较低层次的
解决缺电总是跨越到较高层次的结构调整,提高质量和提高全行业综合效益的
阶段。这一阶段落改革的目的体现在三个方面:一是为用户提供满足需要、高
效优质的电能,降低电价水平,减轻用户负担,使用户得到满意的服务;二是
对计划经济体制下形成的传统的电力企业进行公司制改组,培育电力市场竞争
主体和自主经营的法人实体;三是按照市场经济规律建立规范有序的电力市场,
打破垄断,鼓励竞争,提高企业的效率和效益。目前这几方面的改革均在进行
之中,有的已经取得了显著的成效。建立规范有序的电力市场是本阶段改革的
关键环节,需要大力吸收国际先进经验,紧密结合我国实际,进行不断深入的
探索实践。
电力工业实行的”政企分开,省为实体,联合电网,统一调度,集资办电”
的方针,大大地调动了地方办电的积极性和责任,迅速地筹集资金,使电力建
设飞速发展。从1988年起连续11年每年新增投产大中型发电机组超过
10000MW,按全国统计口径达15000MW。各大区电网和省网随着电源的增长加
强了网架建设,从1982到1999年底.全国新增35KV以上输电线路372837km,
新增变电容量732690MVA,而1950至1981年30年期间新增输电线路为
277257km,变电容量70360MVA。
目前我国基本上进入大电网、大电厂、大机组、高电压输电、高度自动控
制的新时代。电网发展的主要标志是:
第一、我国现有发电装机容量在2000MW以上的电力系统11个,其中东北、
华北、华东、华中电网装机容量均超过30000MW,华东、华中电网甚至超过
40000MW,西北电网的装机容量也达到20000MW。南方电力联营系统连结广东、
广西、贵州、云南四省电网,实现了西电东送。其它几个独立省网,如四川、
山东、福建等电网和装机容量也超过或接近10000MW。
第二、各电网中500KV(包括330KV)主网架逐步形成和壮大。220KV电