2003年国家首次对民间金融的发展给予了政策支持,这一改革旨在鼓励和支
持民间资本参与地方金融机构改革,意味着民间金融将会被逐步纳入国家正规金
融体系中。2012年新提出金融综合改革作为化解高利贷等民间金融畸形发展形态、
引导民间金融健康有序发展的长效机制。
本文重点研究了民间金融纳入管控后,金融行业主管部门、各级地方政府如
何才能充分发挥其金融监管作用,管控好民间金融这匹野马,充分发挥其对现有
正规金融的有效补充作用,以期寻找一种适合中国金融特色的民间金融监管模式。
冃前,由于民间金融一直处于fel家金融监管体系之外,所以对民间金融监管的研
究基本处于健全法律制度等理论层面,对监管部门的地位和发挥的作用较少提及。
在民间金融步入阳光地带之后,监管部门的责任更加明确,但如何把握好监管的
力度和尺度,既发挥好监管作用,维护金融市场安全与稳定,又不至于打压民间
资本进入金融市场的积极性,发挥好其对正规金融市场有益补充作用,是应当清
晰把握和深入研究的。
本文着眼于民间金融监管模式和监管体系的构建,主要采取了比较分析法和
规范分析法,分析了我国当前的金融环境、民间金融现状及特点,充分肯定了民
间金融在我国经济社会发展屮发挥的积极作用,并正面分析了民间金融可能造成
的负面影响和引发的风险。本文从民闾金融自身性质和经济社会发展等几个方面
阐述了健全民问金融监管的迫切需求和必要性,并以美国、印度等国家和台湾地
区为例,通过对这些国家和地区民间金融监管模式的分析借鉴,比较剖析了我国
民间金融监管的主客体特征,提出了建立基于E别审慎度的差异化多维监管模式,
并在民间金融监管流程设计上进行了有益尝试。本文在分析民间金融监管现状的
基础上,尝试提出一种新的民间金融监管模式,促使行业监管部门与地方政府在
对民问金融的监管屮既不缺位也不越位,既保障了金融市场的安全稳定,也保护
了K问金融的枳极忭,/|:保丨削⑶j金融改I&39;lU式点顺利iiJ;行的M吋也能促迸丨I惊金
融体制改平:的+断推进。
义键词:W叫金融;监竹税式;金融休系架构;K别屮愤度
ABSTRACT
Informal finance as formal financial supplement,its existence for a long time, it is
undeniable that played an active role to support the rapid development of the informal
economy, the formal financial system into competitive factors, but is gradually exposed
as its growing size of The number of issues affecting the stable development of the
economy and society.
Country for the first time in 2003 the development of informal financial policies to
support the purpose of this reform is to encourage and support the participation of
informal capital in the reform of local financial institutions,means that informal finance
will be gradually incorporated into the country&39;s formal financial system. 2012 new
proposed comprehensive financial reform as to resolve the abnormal development of
forms of usury informal financial,long-term mechanism to guide the healthy and
orderly development of informal financial.
This article focus on research of informal financial into control, the financial
industry, authorities, local governments how to give full play to its financial regulatory
role, control of good informal financial horse Mustang, give full play to its existing
formal financial valid supplementary role, in order to informal financial regulatory
approach to find a suitable financial characteristics. Informal finance has been in
addition to the country&39;s financial regulatory system, so the study of civil regulation
basically at the level of a sound legal system theory, the regulatory authorities in the
informal financial regulatory status and the role played by the relatively scant. Informal
finance into the Sun Belt, the more clearly the responsibility of the regulatory
authorities, but how to grasp the intensity and scale of good supervision, both play good
regulatory role to safeguard the security and stability of the financial markets, but not so
suppressed informal capital into the financial market enthusiasm, play a useful
complementary role of the formal financial market, should clear grasp and in-depth
study.
This article looks at the construction of informal financial regulatory model and
regulatory system, take a comparative analysis and specification analysis, analysis of
the current financial environment, informal financial status quo and characteristics, and
fully affirmed the financial folk play in China&39;s economic and social development active
role, and positive analysis of the possible negative impact of the informal financial and
risk triggered. This article is elaborated from several informal financial nature of the
economic and social development of a sound informal financial regulatory urgent need
and necessity, and the United States, India and other countries and Taiwan, for example,
these countries and regions, informal financial regulatory model analysis for reference,
comparison analysis of the subject and object of the informal financial regulatory
characteristics, multidimensional regulatory model based on the difference between
prudent degree of differentiation, and informal financial regulatory process design
useful attempt. This paper try to propose a new the informal financial regulatory mode,
to promote the industry, regulatory authorities and the local government in the informal
financial regulatory neither the absence nor offside, both to protect the financial markets
on the basis of analysis of the informal financial regulatory status security and stability,
but also to protcct the enthusiasm of informal finance, and continuously push forward
the reform of the financial system will also promote the smooth progress in the
protection of informal financial reform pilot.
Keywords: Informal finance; Regulatory model; Financial architecture; The
difference between prudence
第1章绪论
1.1选题背景和研究意义
由于我国金融市场信息的不对称以及现有国家金融体制的局限,造成了我国
民间经济发展过程中资金缺口大和民间富裕资金急于寻找出路的矛盾。在这种情
况下,民间金融应运而生,民间借贷主体体现了社会关系的信息对称性,借贷的
双方多数以家族、地区、行业等社会关系作为媒介来实现资金融通,形成了信用
保证代替正规金融风险评价体系的现象。民间金融在发挥支持民营经济快速发展、
为正规金融体系注入竞争因素等积极作用的同时,也暴露出一些问题,如,民间
金融存在投机性强、行为短期化、抗风险能力弱、易引发经济纠纷等问题与弱点。
在缺乏相关法律约束、规范和保护的情况下,部分民间金融机构从事高风险的投
机活动可能会引发局部性金融风险,部分地区曾经出现中小企业“扎堆”倒闭,老板
“跑路”等现象,影响了经济社会的平稳发展。同时,民间金融的活跃也会对国家宏
观调控政策产生一定千扰。
目前,国家已经肯定了民间金融在资源优化配置和支持中小民营企业发展中
的作用并对民间金融的发展给予了一定的政策支持。国务院常务会议2012年3月28
R决定设立温州金融综合改革试验区,确定了包括制定民间融资管理办法、发展
新型金融组织、开展个人境外直投试点等共计12项金融改革任务。这一改革旨在
鼓励和支持民间资本参与地方金融机构改革,意味着民间金融将会被逐步纳入国
家正规金融体系中。
同时,新提出的金融综合改革作为化解高利贷等民间金融畸形发展形态、引
导民间金融健康有序发展的长效机制,不但有助于促进温州实体经济的稳步发展,
也将为中国下一阶段的金融体制改革积累经验。在温州试点的12项主要任务中,
“规范”成为首要任务,但规范不是抑制民间金融自身的发展天性,而是试图引导帮
助民间金融在金融市场安全稳定的基础上良性发展。因此,如何建立健全民间金
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