新编研究生英语综合教程（上册）翻译
Unit 1:
1.英译汉
Cases of misconduct are not simple matters to evaluate. One source of concern is confusion within the field of science about just what constitutes a punishable infringement of ethical standards. In the
fields of engineering,law, and medicine, clear written guidelines exist for defining ethical conduct.
学术不端并不是能够街单评价的问題。其中一个重要问題是，在科学领域里，对于什么样的行为有违伦理規范，应 当受到惩罚，仍然模棱两可。工程，法律，和医学领域对道德行为的定义有明确的书面指导原則。
Although some particularly difficult cases may test the limits of these guidelines, most do not. In scientific research, a wrinen code of conduct is not available. The federal government and individual institutions have been struggling to clarify the standards under which misconduct can be adjudicated.
虽然某些特别复杂的案例会挑战这些原则的底线，但多数原则具有指导意义。科学研究也并不提供书面的行为准则。 联邦政府和私人机构一直试图阐明学术不端行为的裁定标准，比如一些描述科研不端行为的核心定义，包括編造， 篡改和等等#
The centrai definitions that delineate misconduct in science include fabrication，falsification, and plagiarism. However, these are confused by other less clear categories of misconduct, which include “other questionable behavior”o广othermisconduct.^ Within this confusion of definitions it is not
always obvious to students or faculty where and toward whom their obligations lie.
然而这些行为容易与包含“可疑行为”在内的其他不太确定的类别相互混淆。这些混淆的定义让学生和教职人员也 不是很清楚他们到底承担哪些责任和义务？
2.汉译英
研究者应告诉所有参加研究的被试有关研究的一切特点和细节，尽营这样做也许会影响被试参加实验的意愿，但还 是应该这样做#研究者应对被试提出关于实验的各种问題给予解释和回答#
Researchers should tell every participant about all the characteristics and details of the study, though such an act may affect the willingness of subjects. Researchers should also try to answer or explain any question about the experiment from subjects.
坦率和诚恳应当是研究者和被试之间关系的基本点。当研究出于方法上的需要不得不向被试隐瞒或欺骗时，研究者 必须设法让被试理解这样做的理由，并力求回复两者之间原有的关系。
Frankness and sincerity are supposed to be essential to the relationship between researchers and subjects. When researchers have to hide from or deceive subjects for methodological reasons, they need to have subjects understand the reasons for doing so and try to recover their original relationships.
研究者应蓴重被试在研究中任何时候自由提出拒绝参加或终止实验的要求，特别是当研究者的权力高于被试时，更 霈要注意这一点。
Researchers should respect the subjects’ rights and freedom to refuse or terminate their participation in the study at any time. This point is even more salient when researchers have higher power-relationship than subjects.
有关实验步骤和措施在道德上的可接受性，应该在一开始就要在研究者和被试之间迗成明确和公正的一致意见，明 确毎个人的责任。研究者有责任遵守和履行协议中规定的承诺和义务。
As regards the moral accq)tability of experimental procedures and measures, there must be a clear and fair agreement reached by researchers and subjects at the outset in order to clarify each other's
responsibility. Researchers have a responsibility to abide by and comply with the provisions of commitments and obligations in the agreement.
Unit 3
1.英译汉
When you stay in a ne^r environment for a while, you move to stage two一 the crisis stage 一 in which
the shine wears off and the day-to-day realities sink in. In a relationship， you notice annoying habits;