Towards competitive European batteries GC.NMP.2013-1 Grant. 608936 2020 Ageing effects of Lithium-ion batteries Alexander Warnecke Workshop EPE Conference – Geneva (Switzerland) 9 2015锂电资料分享??群 ：103946996 th of September Motivation ? Lithium-ion batteries are used in many mobile applications but will be used in electric vehicles ? Consumer articles and portable electronics - Service life is short < 3 years - Value of battery small compared to other components (< 5% of total value) ? Electric vehicles Source: Fotolia - Service life more than 8 years - Battery is most expensive component in the car ? Is our operation strategy influencing the lifetime - Operation limits too high Source: batteries2020.eu - Does the power electronic influences the lifetime INDEX 1. Ageing effects 2. How to predict ageing? 3. Ageing tests 4. Ageing examples 5. Influence of ripples Ageing effects ? Ageing takes place at all components of a battery Source: Darcy, NASA-JSC, AABC 2012 ? Housing - Corrosion of aluminium in pouch foil by demages in the PE layer - Leaking plasitc seals by loss of softener over time ? Separator Source: Darcy, NASA-JSC, AABC 2012 - Blocking of pores by active material ? Negaive electrode, positive electrode and electrolyte Ageing effects at the anode ? Peeling of graphite, cracking (gas creation, co-intercalation of solvent) ? Corrosion of electrolyte ? Growth of SEI layer ? Conversion of SEI/stabilisation/growth ? SEI dissolution/accumulation ? Positive/negative interaction ? Accumulation of metallic lithium (plating) ? Growth of dendrites After: Vetter, JPS, 147, 269 (2005)