Advanced Clean Transit Battery Cost for Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles (Discussion Draft) Revised August 22, 2016 California Air Resources Board Disclaimer This document has been prepared by staff of the California Air Resources Board (ARB) as a discussion draft document. It is part of the total cost of ownership analysis that ARB is conducting for Advanced Clean Transit. Please send any comments about this discussion draft to Fang Yan at fang.fan@arb.ca.gov. Table of Contents A. Electric Vehicle Batteries.......................................................................................... 1 B. Background on Lithium-ion Battery Chemistries....................................................... 2 C. Batteries for Heavy-Duty Applications ...................................................................... 3 D. Factors Contributing to Battery Cost......................................................................... 5 E. Battery Cost Estimates............................................................................................. 8 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. CE Delft............................................................................................................ 10 Boston Consulting Group................................................................................. 10 Nykvist and Nilsson.......................................................................................... 10 Estimates from Electric Bus OEMs .................................................................. 12 Summary of Costs............................................................................................ 13 List of Figures Figure 1: Trade-of