冷 M 区块为典型的稠油油藏，已进入蒸汽吞吐中后期。目前油田在开发过 程中面临油藏压力水平低，供液能力差，层间矛盾和平面矛盾突出等问题，现有 开发方式难以有效解决。空气成本低，来源广，对环境污染较小，此外还可以对 原油起到改质的作用。因此，针对冷 M 区块蒸汽吞吐开发效果不理想的情况， 开展空气辅助蒸汽吞吐驱油研究具有非常重要的意义。 本文通过研究，推导出了空气辅助蒸汽吞吐过程中的油墙运动方程，从理论 上论证了空气辅助蒸汽吞吐的可能性。采用数值模拟方法，对比空气辅助蒸汽吞 吐与单纯蒸汽吞吐的开发效果，确定驱油前后温度场、压力场、含油饱和度场的 变化规律。 对空气辅助蒸汽吞吐的影响因素进行分析。分别研究渗透率、含油饱和度、 注气强度、注气时机、注入方式对空气辅助蒸汽吞吐驱油效果的影响，为空气辅 助蒸汽吞吐的方案设计提供依据。 建立冷 M 区块精细地质模型和数值模拟模型，在蒸汽吞吐历史拟合的基础 上，对冷 M 区块空气辅助蒸汽吞吐开采效果进行预测，为现场实施空气辅助蒸 汽吞吐提供一定技术支持和经验借鉴。预测结果表明：注入空气辅助蒸汽吞吐较 单纯蒸汽吞吐可以提高采收率 2-3 个百分点。 关键词：稠油，空气辅助蒸汽吞吐，数值模拟，历史拟合东北石油大学硕士研究生学位报告 III The feasibility study on air injection assisted cyclic steam of Leng M block ABSTRACT Leng M block is a typical heavy oil reservoir, and it has entered the middle and later stage of steam huff and puff. Nowadays, the oil field faces many problems, such as reservoir pressure level is decreasing, the poor capability of feed flow, the obvious contradiction between inter-layer and plane. Injecting air as a way to replace after steam injection development, it costs lower and does little harm to the environment. Moreover the air can also play a role in modifying crude oil. For the huff and puff development effect is not ideal, carrying out the research on air injection assisted cyclic steam is very meaningful. This paper derives air assisted cyclic steam motion equation and analyzes the feasibility on theory. And it has also uses numerical simulation method to compare this two different methods, and ensures the changes of the temperature field、pressure field、oil saturation field. This paper also analyzes the influencing factors. These factors conclude the permeability、the oil saturation、the intensity of gas injection、the timing of gas injection、the way of gas injection，and these results can provide the guidance to the design of the plan. This paper builds the fine geological model and numerical simulation model. Based on the huff and puff history matching, this paper makes a prediction on the development effectiveness and provides some technonlg and experiment to the oil field. The result of the research shows that: compared with the normal huff and puff method, this method can improve the oil recovery by 2-3 percent. Keywords: heavy oil, air injection assisted cyclic steam, numerical simulation, history matching东北石油大学硕士研究生学位报告 IV 创新点摘要 本文主要研究的是冷 M 块空气辅助蒸汽吞吐的可能性，其创新点如下： 1．在蒸汽吞吐历史拟合过程中，采用阻渗面孔渗修正的方法对模型进行修 正，提高了数值模拟精度。 2．建立冷 M 区块数值模拟模型，在蒸汽吞吐历史拟合基础上，对冷 M 块 空气辅助蒸汽吞吐开采效果进行预测。东北石油大学硕士研究生学位报告 目 录 学位报告独创性声明.....................................................................................................I 学位报告使用授权声明.................................................................................................I 摘要.........................................................................................................................II ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................III 创新点摘要..................................................................................................................IV 前 言............................................................................................................................1 第一章 油藏地质特征及开发现状..............................................................................5 1.1 地质概况..........................................................................................................5 1.2 开发历程及现状..............................................................................................5 1.3 开发过程中存在的问题..................................................................................7 第二章 油墙形成渗流机理研究..................................................................................8 2.1 基本概念介绍..................................................................................................8 2.2 油水两相渗流机理研究..................................................................................8 2.2.1 基本假设条件........................................................................................8 2.2.2 油墙运动方程推导................................................................................9 2.2.3 热水驱过程中油墙形成讨论..............................................................11 2.3 油气两相渗流机理研究................................................................................12 2.3.1 基本假设条件......................................................................................12 2.3.2 油墙运动方程推导..............................................................................12 2.3.3 气驱过程中油墙形成讨论..................................................................14 2.4 油气水三相渗流机理研究.............................................................................15 2.4.1 基本假设条件......................................................................................15 2.4.2 油墙运动方程推导..............................................................................16 2.4.3 空气辅助蒸汽过程中油墙形成讨论..................................................21 2.5 本章小结.........................................................................................................23 第三章 空气辅助蒸汽吞吐数值模拟研究................................................................24 3.1 空气辅助蒸汽吞吐渗流数学模型................................................................24 3.1.1 模型假设条件......................................................................................24 3.1.2 质量守恒方程......................................................................................24 3.1.3 运动方程..............................................................................................25 3.1.4 蒸汽热对流扩散..................................................................................25 3.1.5 热反应作用..........................................................................................26 3.1.6 饱和度方程..........................................................................................26 3.1.7 浓度方程..............................................................................................27 3.1.8 相对渗透率..........................................................................................27 3.1.9 定解条件..............................................................................................27 3.1.10 低温氧化反应模型............................................................................28 3.1.11 低温氧化动力学模型........................................................................29 3.2 数值模拟模型的建立.....................................................................................29 3.2.1 模拟模型的选择..................................................................................29 3.2.2 网格划分..............................................................................................29 3.2.3 模型基本参数.......................................................................................31东北石油大学硕士研究生学位报告 3.3 普通单独蒸汽吞吐后温度、压力、饱和度场分布规律.............................32 3.3.1 温度分布规律......................................................................................32 3.3.2 压力分布规律......................................................................................34 3.3.3 剩余油分布规律..................................................................................35 3.4 空气辅助蒸汽吞吐与普通蒸汽吞吐效果对比.............................................37 3.4.1 温度分布规律对比..............................................................................37 3.4.2 压力分布规律对比..............................................................................39 3.4.3 剩余油分布规律对比..........................................................................40 3.5 油墙运动规律分析.........................................................................................42 3.6 本章小结.........................................................................................................45 第四章 空气辅助蒸汽吞吐影响因素........................................................................47 4.1 不同渗透率的影响........................................................................................47 4.2 含油饱和度的影响........................................................................................49 4.3 注气时机的影响............................................................................................51 4.4 注气强度的影响............................................................................................54 4.5 注入方式的影响............................................................................................57 4.6 本章小结........................................................................................................59 第五章 冷 M 块空气辅助蒸汽吞吐数值模拟研究.................................................. 61 5.1 模拟区概况.....................................................................................................61 5.2 建立冷 M 区块地质模型............................................................................... 61 5.2.1 网格划分..............................................................................................61 5.2.2 建立属性模型......................................................................................63 5.2.3 冷 M 区块储量拟合计算.................................................................... 63 5.2.4 地层流体及其高压物性参数..............................................................64 5.3 蒸汽吞吐历史拟合.........................................................................................65 5.3.1 储量拟合结果......................................................................................65 5.3.2 全区生产指标拟合..............................................................................65 5.3.3 单井生产指标拟合..............................................................................68 5.3.4 阻渗面孔渗修正..................................................................................69 5.4 空气辅助蒸汽吞吐效果预测.........................................................................69 5.4.1 预测方案的制定..................................................................................69 5.4.2 空气辅助蒸汽吞吐井的选择..............................................................70 5.4.3 空气辅助蒸汽吞吐层位的选择...........................................................70 5.4.4 预测结果分析......................................................................................72 5.5 本章小结........................................................................................................73 结 论..........................................................................................................................74