中 文 摘要 超细纤维聚氨酯合成革由聚氨酯与聚酰胺超细纤维复合形成。聚酰胺超细纤 维交联形成网状结构，与真皮胶原纤维结构和性能相似，起到骨架和支撑作用， 聚氨酯分布在纤维四周，使合成革纤维与革面通过物理与化学作用构成整体，并 拥有类似于天然皮革的性能。超细纤维聚氨酯合成革具有天然皮革所固有的吸湿 透气性，并在耐化学性、防水性、防霉变性等方面优于天然皮革，因而应用广泛， 可用于汽车内饰、箱包、家具等众多领域。本研究开发了一种性能达到国内领先 水平的超细纤维聚氨酯合成革产品，同时论证了超细纤维聚氨酯合成革项目在长 寿经济技术开发区建设的可行性。结果表明： （1）对比文献资料，试验出了一种湿法工艺制备超细纤维聚氨酯合成革工 艺技术，合成革透气性达 240L/m 2 ·s，透湿性达 3.3mg/cm 2 ·h、吸水性达 17%、断 裂强度达 476N/cm，经向撕裂强度达 75N，高于行业标准，并优于某主流产品， 整体性能达到国内领先水平，但其均一性等指标还需进一步改善。 （2）依托重庆市广大市场需求，根据项目所在地产业基础，我们研究了在 重庆最大的综合化工园区长寿经开区建设 500 万平方米超细纤维聚氨酯合成革 项目的可行性。 （3）项目规划投资 7000 万元，其中工程建设资金 6500 万元，铺底流动资 金 500 万元，项目建设周期 12 个月，项目利润 4000 万元，具有较好的经济效益， 项目可行。 关键词：聚氨酯、超细纤维、合成革、制备、可行性研究Abstract VI Abstract Hyperfine fiber polyurethane synthetic leather is composed by polyamide hyperfine fiber and polyurethane. The crosslinked polyamide hyperfine fiber forms a network skeleton, to support the leather structure effectively, which is similar to the collagen fibers of dermis, while polyurethane distributes around the polyamide fiber, let the synthetic leather are similar to natural leather at some content. Compared to natural leather, the synthetic leather has good moisture permeability as well, and better chemical resistance, waterproof, and anti-mildew, so it is widely applied in car interior, cases, bags, furniture, and many other fields. In this study, we developed a kind of hyperfine fiber polyurethane synthetic leather, while the performance reaches the domestic leading level. A Mean while, we studied the feasibility of hyperfine fiber polyurethane synthetic leather project in state Changshou economic and technological development area. The results showed that: (1) We test out the preparation of a kind of hyperfine fiber polyurethane synthetic leather by wet process, while its air permeability reaches 240L/(m 2 ·s)，and moisture permeability reaches 3.3mg/cm 2 ·h, and water absorptivity reaches 17%, and breaking strength reaches 476N/cm，and longitude directional tear strength reaches 75N, which are superior to trade standard and mainstream product，so that the overall performance reaches the domestic leading performance. However, the uniformity of the leather needs to be further improved. (2) Based on the general market demand in Chongqing and the industrial and utility advantage of Changshou economic and technological development area, which is the largest integrated chemical industrial park in chongqing, we studied the feasibility of hyperfine fiber polyurethane synthetic leather project with 5 million square meters capacity. (3) The project plans to invest 70 million yuan, with the construction capital of 65 million yuan and circulating funds of 5 million yuan. The project may construct in 12 months, and provides 40 million yuan profit when fully run, which has good economic benefits, so the project is feasible.Abstract VII Keyword：Polyurethane, Microfiber, Synthetic Leather, Preparation, Feasibility Study目录 VI 目 录 第 1 章 绪论.....................................................................................................................................1 1.1 聚酰胺超细纤维非织造布................................................................................................1 1.1.1 聚酰胺产品结构与命名.........................................................................................1 1.1.2 聚酰胺性能和主要用途.........................................................................................2 1.1.3 聚酰胺超细纤维非织造布.....................................................................................3 1.2 聚氨酯................................................................................................................................5 1.2.1 聚氨酯产品合成与分类.........................................................................................5 1.2.2 聚氨酯性能与用途...............................................................................................10 1.2.3 聚氨酯合成革.......................................................................................................12 1.3 超细纤维聚氨酯合成革..................................................................................................12 1.3.1 发展历史...............................................................................................................13 1.3.2 发展现状...............................................................................................................16 1.3.3 主要应用...............................................................................................................18 1.4 课题研究背景及内容......................................................................................................18 1.4.1 研究背景...............................................................................................................18 1.4.2 课题研究内容.......................................................................................................20 第 2 章 超细纤维聚氨酯合成革制备及性能测试.......................................................................21 2.1 合成革制备......................................................................................................................21 2.1.1 制备原理...............................................................................................................21 2.1.2 实验原料及设备...................................................................................................21 2.1.3 检测方法与技术指标...........................................................................................22 2.1.4 聚乙烯醇浸渍.......................................................................................................22 2.1.5 聚氨酯含浸...........................................................................................................23 2.1.6 基材水洗...............................................................................................................23 2.1.7 开纤处理...............................................................................................................23 2.2 结果测试与表征..............................................................................................................23 2.2.1 开纤失重率测试...................................................................................................23 2.2.2 透气性测试...........................................................................................................26 2.2.3 透湿性测试...........................................................................................................26 2.2.4 吸水性测试...........................................................................................................26 2.2.5 力学性能测试.......................................................................................................27 2.2.6 性能对比...............................................................................................................27 2.2.7 放大试验...............................................................................................................29 第 3 章 项目可行性研究...............................................................................................................30 3.1 拟建项目基本情况..........................................................................................................30 3.1.1 项目概况...............................................................................................................30 3.1.2 项目建设地点.......................................................................................................30 3.1.3 建设内容...............................................................................................................32 3.2 项目建设方案..................................................................................................................33 3.2.1 项目技术方案.......................................................................................................33 3.2.2 项目工艺方案.......................................................................................................33 3.3 原料及公辅设施..............................................................................................................36 3.3.1 原料供应...............................................................................................................36 目录 VII 3.3.2 公用工程消耗.......................................................................................................37 3.4 环境保护及安全生产......................................................................................................38 3.4.1 环境保护...............................................................................................................38 3.4.2 安全生产............................................................................... 第 4 章 结论...................................................................................................................................40