摘要 人工湿地技术是近年来迅速发展的生物一生态治污技术,可处理多种工业废水,包 括化工!石油化工!纸浆!纺织印染!重金属冶炼等各类废水,后又推广应用为雨水处 理这种技术己经成为提高大型水体水质的有效方法国内外研究实践表明,培育人工 湿地来净化废水,建造和运营成本低廉,并且易于维护在我国,一方面废水排放量日 益增加,水污染问题日趋严重,另一方面我国的城市污水处理主要采用传统的二级活性 污泥处理工艺,其工程投资高!耗能大!运行管理要求高,对于资金有限!技术力量薄 弱的中小城市和乡镇,无力拿出太多的资金用于污水处理厂的建设和运行而人工湿地 系统是仿真的湿地生态系统,在我国尚属一项正在被研究!应用和发展的处理污水的新 技术,由于它具有高效率!低投资!低运转费!低维持技术!处理量灵活!低能耗!处 理效果好等优点,非常适合我国的国情,尤其是广大农村地区!中小城镇地区的污水处 理中 本课题采用人工湿地技术对辽河盘锦段水土环境治理的可行性进行分析本报告考 察了辽河下游重点河段水土状况,分析了辽河盘锦段污染物的来源及污染物对饮用水的 安全!人的身体健康!生态环境!水资源等诸多方面带来的危害,通过对辽河下游重点 河段进行了实地取样!检测,对该流域沿岸的土壤!地层进行调查,从而为人工湿地处理 该流域的污水提供了可靠的技术依据,并为制订辽河盘锦段水体污染治理目标和控制措 施提供了可靠的理论依据 本课题研究结果表明,人工湿地技术应用于辽河盘锦段水土环境治理是可行的,能 有效地去除污水中的有机物!悬浮物!氮!磷和重金属等,并能产生良好的经济效益!环 境效益以及社会效益 关键词:人工湿地;辽河;污水处理硕士研究生学位报告Abstraet工工I Abstraet Construetedwetlandteehnology15develoPingraPidlyinreeentyears,thebiologieal- eeologicalPollutioncontrolteehnology,Canhandleavarietyofindustrialwastewater, ineludingehemieal,Petrochemieal,PulP,textilePrintinganddyeing,Smeltingandotherheavy metalwastewater,andthenPromotetheaPPlieationofstormwatertreatment.Inereaseofthis teelinologyhasbeeomeaneffeetivemethodofwaterquality.Domestieandinternational researehandPraetieeshowthattheeultivationof峨ificialwetlandstoPurifywastewater, eons加etionandoPerationofloweostandeasytomaintain.InChina,ontheonehandthe increasingvolumeofwastewaterdischarge,waterPollutionProblemshavebecomemore serious,theothermajorurbansewagetreatmentinChinausingthetraditionalactivatedsludge seeondarytreatmentProcess,theProjectinvestmenthigh,energyconsumPtion,highoPeration andmanagementrequirements,forthelimitedfinaneialresources,weakteehnicalforeesmall andmediumeitiesandtowns,unabletoeomeuPwithtoomuehmoneyforthesewage treatmentPlanteonstruetionandoPeration.Theeons加ctedwetlandsystem15thesimulation ofthewetlandeeologiealsysteminaeountrystillunderstudy,apPlieationanddeveloPmentof newsewagetreatlnentteehnology,duetoitshigheffieieney,lowinvestment,lowrunning eosts,lowmaintenanceteehLnology,caPaeityflexible,lowPowereonsumPtion,andgood treatmenteffeet,verysultableforChina,5nationaleonditions,esPeciallyintheruralareas, smallwastewatertrealmentinurbanareas. ThesubjeetofartifieialwetlandtechnologyPanjinLiaoheenvironmentalgovemance sectionofthefeasibilityof5011andwateranalysis.ThisPaperinvestigatedtheLiaoheRiver downstreamofkey5011andwaterconditionsofParagraPhPanjinLiaohesourcesofPollutants andeontaminantsofdrinkingwatersecurlty,humanhealth,eeologiealenvironment,water resources,andmanyotherasPeetsoftheharm,byLiaoheRiverdownstreamfocuswasonthe groundsalnPling,testing,the5011alongtheriverbasin,stratigraPhicinvestigations,50asto artifieialwetlandtrea加entofsewageinthebasintoProvideareliableteehl1icalbasis,andfor thedeveloPmentofPanjinLiaoheRiverwaterPollutioneontrolseetionoftheobjectivesand conirolmeasuresProvideareliabletheoretiealbasis. TheresearehresultsshowthattheeonstruetedwetlandteehLnologyfor5011andwater environmentalgovernaneeseetionofPanjinLiaohe15feasibleandeaneffeetivelyremovethe organiematterixlsewage,susPendedsolids,nitrogen,PhosPhorusandheavymetals,and Produeegoodeconomieandenviro帅entalbenefitsandsoeialbenefits KeyWords:eonstruetedwetland;Liaohe;sewagetreatment 夕硕士研究生学位报告目录 Abstrac..................................................................,..........................................................nH 第一章绪论.............................................................................................................................1 1.1课题的来源和研究背景.....................4,1 1.1.1辽河流域自然状况.......................................................................................1 1.1.2辽河流域缺水类型与现状二,.--.......!.,..!........................................3 1.1,3水体污染现状与主要原因...........................................................................4 1.2课题研究的概况.....................................................................................................5 1.2.1自然与社会状况.................................,...................................................5 1.2.2水质现状...............................................,.............................................,7 1.2.3损失与危害..................,..........................................................................8 1.3课题研究的目的和意义.......,...........................................................................9 1.4课题研究范围.......,.....................................................................,..............,9 第二章辽河盘锦段污染物来源与分析................................................................................11 2.1有机污染物的评价与分析...................................................................................12 2.1.1主要有机物指标..,;...........................................................,................12 2.1.2主要有机污染物来源及分析.....,...................,...............................17 2.2无机污染物的评价与分析.............................................................,...............18 2.2.1无机污染物来源.........................................................................................18 2.2.2污染源分析..,........................................................................................19 2.2.3无机物污染的危害.....................................................................................21 2.3水质监测结果及分析...........,.........................................................................22 2.3.1辽河水质现状.............................................................................................22 2.3.2实地取样现场及检测结果.........................................................................24 2.3.3水质检测结果分析..............................,................................................30 第三章污染物长期变化规律研究.......................................................................................33 3.1工业点源污染及变化趋势...................................................................................33 3.1.1工业废水中污染物的种类.........................................................................33 3.1.2工业废水的水质特征.................................................................................34 3.1.3工业点源污染对辽河流域的危害............................,..........................36 3.2农业面源污染的变化及发展趋势.......................................................................40 丁目录硕士研究生学位报告 3.2.1农业面源污染的发展过程................................................,..................40 3.2.2农业等面源污染现状及危害.....................................................................40 3.3底栖生物研究,................................................................................................43 3.3.1影响底栖动物的因素...........................,二!.....,...,....,..!二,.,!二43 3.3.2辽河流域底栖生物的种类研究...................................................,.......43 3.3.3健康水质的评价二,...........................................,.........................,.,44 3.3.4底栖生物与辽河流域水质的关系...................,.,..........46 第四章辽河盘锦段水土环境修复技术..................................................................,......47 4.1人工湿地技术简介,...................................,.............................................47 4.1.1湿地重要的作用............................................................................,......47 4.1.2人工湿地技术原理..........................,....................................................48 4.2人工湿地技术应用于辽河盘锦段水土环境治理的可行性分析.......................48 4.2.1辽河盘锦段主要以有机污染物为主.........................................................48 4.2.2辽河盘锦段中氮污染分担率较高.............................................................49 4.2.3辽河盘锦段气候和地质条件适合芦苇等作物的生长.........................49 4.2.4发展人工湿地技术符合我国国清........................,....,...................50 4.2.5发展人工湿地技术符合盘锦地区的产业特色.........................................50 第五章水土保护措施与对策......................................................,......................51 5.1辽河盘锦段污染的治理目标..........................................................................51 5.1.1辽河盘锦段治理的重要性...............................................,................,二51 5.1.2具体控制指标.............................................................................................51 5.2辽河盘锦段水土污染治理的措施..................................,..............................51 5.2.1加大治理非点源污染力度..................,...............................................51 5.2.2实行目标管理强化工业污染防治.............................................................52 5.2.3提升环境监管执法监督能力...............,...............................................52 5.2.4提升公众参与保护环境权益的意识..!二,.............................................53 第六章结论与建议...............................................................................................................55 5.3结论.,...........................,..................................................................................55 5.4主要建议................................................................................................,........55