为了保障我国社会经济的可持续发展，必须协调人口、资源、环境和谐发 展，妥善解决人口增长、废物污染和资源浪费的问题。中国是能源生产大国， 同时也是垃圾生产大国，从生态环境角度看，垃圾固然是一种污染源，但从资 源角度看，它却是地球上唯一在增长的潜在的资源。我国在经济快速发展的同 时，面临着能源资源短缺和环境保护的双重压力，而随着国家对环境保护要求 的提高和人们环保意识的增强，将垃圾用于发电，实现综合利用，在解决处理 垃圾问题的同时，可以缓解电力紧张问题，也带来了巨大的经济效益。本报告 以垃圾填埋场填埋沼气为燃料，通过沼气燃机进行燃烧来发电，对发电厂进行 了设计和可行性研究。结论表明，垃圾发电的社会效益在于其变害为宝，减少 CH 4 对大气温室效应的影响，对节约能源、环境保护、增加电力供应等都起到了 不可估量的作用，在申请 CDM 的条件下，还可达到较好的经济效益。 关键词，垃圾 卫生填埋 填埋气体 发电5 Abstract In order to ensure sustainable development of china’s economy, it is necessary to promote the coordination of population, natural resource and environment; the problems concerning population growth, waste pollution and resource overuse must be properly solved. China is one of the biggest producing countries of energy source and waste material. On the one hand of ecological environment, waste material has been considered as pollution resource; on the other hand it is also the unique growing potential recourse on earth. With rapid growth of economy, China is facing dual pressure caused by energy & resource shortage and environmental protection. Considering higher official requirement and national eco-awareness, it is a good way to generate electricity by using waste material because it would not only solve the problem of waste disposal and power shortage, but bring out economic benefits. This article is mainly about the design and feasibility study of new electricity power plant. Methane is made by filling the waste material, and then it could be used to generate electricity power. Experiments show that the new method will yield both economic benefits and social benefits concerning greenhouse gas reduction, energy saving, environmental protection and power supply increasing. Key words: Solid waste，Landfill，Landfill gas，power generationI 目 录 第 1 章 绪论.......................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景.................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 固体废物污染的特点与危害 .................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 固体废物的资源利用................................................................................................................................. 2 1.4 垃圾发电.................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.5 研究内容及意义 ........................................................................................................................................ 6 1.6 技术设计原则及技术路线......................................................................................................................... 8 第 2 章 研究区概况.........................................................................................................................................10 2.1 电力系统.................................................................................................................................................. 10 2.2 燃料供应.................................................................................................................................................. 14 第 3 章 工程设计.............................................................................................................................................16 3.1 装机方案................................................................................................................................................... 16 3.2 厂址条件.................................................................................................................................................. 17 3.3 交通运输.................................................................................................................................................. 21 3.4 电站水源.................................................................................................................................................. 21 3.5 工程地质.................................................................................................................................................. 21 第 4 章 全厂规划.............................................................................................................................................23 4.1 全厂总体规划 .......................................................................................................................................... 23 4.2 厂区总平面规划布置............................................................................................................................... 23 4.3 工艺流程................................................................................................................................................... 25 4.4 主要燃料消耗量....................................................................................................................................... 26 4.5 沼气搜集井系统....................................................................................................................................... 27 4.6 燃烧系统.................................................................................................................................................. 28 4.7 主厂房布置 .............................................................................................................................................. 29 4.8 给排水系统 .............................................................................................................................................. 29 4.9 电气系统.................................................................................................................................................. 32 4.10 热工控制系统 ........................................................................................................................................ 34 4.11 采暖通风部分 ........................................................................................................................................ 35 4.12 建筑与结构 ............................................................................................................................................ 36 第 5 章 环境保护与劳动安全...........................................................................................................................38 5.1 环境现状.................................................................................................................................................. 38 5.2 环境影响评述 .......................................................................................................................................... 38 5.3 污染防治措施........................................................................................................................................... 39 5.4 电厂建设的环境效益............................................................................................................................... 40 5.5 环境监测.................................................................................................................................................. 41 5.6 环保设施的投资估算 .............................................................................................................................. 41 5.7 节约和合理利用资源............................................................................................................................... 41II 5.8 劳动安全.................................................................................................................................................. 42 第 6 章 电厂工程项目实施...............................................................................................................................45 6.1 劳动组织及定员 ...................................................................................................................................... 45 6.2 电厂工程项目实施的条件....................................................................................................................... 46 6.3 电厂工程项目实施的轮廓进度 .............................................................................................................. 46 6.4 主要技术经济指标................................................................................................................................... 47 第 7 章 结论与建议...........................................................................................................................................48 7.1 结论.......................................................................................................................................................... 48 7.2 存在问题及建议 ...................................................................................................................................... 48