摘要 对航运公司来说,日益增加的燃油费用!环保规范的增多和激烈的竞争等, 使费用压力显著增加,从而导致他们追求节约费用的强烈欲望本文针对三用拖 轮的船舶特点,提出了将在陆地建筑物中使用的新型节能技术)热泵用于该类 特定船舶冬季取暖的思路,并设计了一套船用复合热源热泵空调系统方案希望 能通过本文的研究,使得这种技术能在近海服务的三用拖轮上得以推广应用,达 到节省燃油消耗,减少排放的目的,从而减少该类船舶的运行费用 首先,本文介绍了船舶空调冬季取暖的几种常用方式,分析了目前船舶冬季 采用蒸汽取暖的初衷,介绍了热泵的特点,并结合国内外相关课题的研究现状, 从三用拖轮的特点出发,提出了采用热泵技术用于该类特定船舶冬季取暖的思路 其次,介绍了热泵的基本原理及评价参数,分析了海水源热泵工作循环与影 响海水源热泵的基本因素,明确了在实船使用海水源热泵时,其低温热源的来源 是可以保证的随后引入了带经济器的中间补气准双级压缩热泵循环,在此基础 上,参照国家相关技术标准,推出复合热源热泵的模型,并简单阐述了该循环实 现的基本思想针对三用拖轮实际,提出了复合热源热泵空调系统设计方案 再次,介绍了蒸气压缩式热泵设计的主要内容,给出了通过热力计算,确定 各工作参数的方法,给出了选型的一般方法和思路并以某三用拖轮为例,对复 合热源热泵空调系统设计方案进行相关的热力计算和设备选型 最后,运用热经济性分析方法,对设计方案进行热经济性校核结果表明: 设计方案的节能性能很好,在节能角度上说是一种很好的装置同时为了避免出 现/节能不省钱0,在技术方案提出后,本文选用投资回收年限分析法,对选用的 三用拖轮母型船进行复合热源热泵空调系统改造的投资回收期做了简单的校核计 算,表明设计方案在经济上是切实可行的 本文旨在通过对基于三用拖轮空调系统特点而设计的复合热源热泵方案进行 可行性分析,确定其运用的可行性,从而为这种技术用于实船提供参考 关键词:复合热源热泵;低位热能;取暖;热经济性分析英文摘要 ThefeasibleresearchofMultiPleSourceHeatPumPusedinTug& AnchorandSuPPlyvessel Abstraet Theinereasingeostoffuel,thestrietonenvironmentalnormsandtheinereasingin thefiereeeomPetition,theshiPPingeomP耐esfaeeeostPressures,resultingintheir Pursuitwiththestrongdesiretosavecosts.ThisPaperdescribescharacteristiesoftug& anehorandsuPPlyvessel,ProPosesnewenergy一savingteehnologieswhichusedinthe landbuildings一heatPumPcanbeusedinthisvesselanddesignsamarineMultiPle SourceHeatPumPsystemProgram.Throughthisstudy,thistechnologyeanbeapPlied intug&anchorandsuPPlyvesseltosavefueleonsumPtionandreduceemission, therebyredueingtheoPeratingeostsofsuehshiPs. First,thisthesisintrodueesseveraleommonlyusagesofair-conditioningheatingin winterinshiP,analysistheideaofusingsteamheatinginwinterforshiPs,givesabrief aceountoftheeharaeteristiesofheatPumP,andbasestherelatedstudiesofhomeand abroad,fromthecharacteristiesoftug&anchorandsuPPlyvessel,Putforwardideasof usingheatPumPteehnologyforsuehshiPsheatinginwinter. Seeond,thisthesisintrodueesthebasiePrinciPlesandevaluationPara们netersof heatPumPandanalysistheworkcycleofseawater-soureeheatPumPandthebasie factorsimPaetofseawater-sourceheatPumP,It15elearthatintheuseofsea water-sourceheatPumPonshiPanditslow一ternPeratureheatsourceeanbeguaranteed. ThenbasisontheintroduetionofheatPumPeycleofserewcomPressorwith eeonomizer,ProPosesthemodelofMultiPleSourceHeatPumPandexPatiatesthe realizationProeessofthiseyclewithrefereneedtherelevantnationaltechniealstandards. Afterthat,thisthesisPutsforwardthemarineMultiPleSourceHeatPumPsystem Programaecordingtothefactoftug&anchorandsuPPlyvessel. Thiul,thisthesisintrodueesthemaineontentofvaporeomPressionheatPumP systemdesigning,andfixesthestateParametersbythennodynamieealculation.Thcnit givesthegeneralmethodandideaofrequiredequiPmentseleetion.AsanexamPle,the designofMultiPleSourceHeatPumPsystemusedinmodelvesseltodothe thermodynamieealeulationandrequiredequlPmentseleetion. !t一英文摘要 Finally,thisthesisaPPliestheeeonomieanalysismethodtoeheekthethermal eeonomyofdesignedProjeet.TheresultsshowthatthedesignedProject15agood devicefromaviewofenergy-savingPoint.Meanwhile,inordertoavoidthe energy一savingdoesnotsavemoney,thisthesisdotheinvestlnentreeoveryPeriod ealculationofdesignedProjectusedinmodelshiPbyuseoftheinvestmentreeovery Periodanalysis.50thatthedesign15economieallyfeasible. ThePurposeofthisthesisbasicsontheeharaeterizesoftug&anehorandsuPPly vesselair-conditioningsystem,analysistheeeonomieallyfeasibilityofMultiPleSouree HeatPumPandgivesthereferenceofsuehshiP. Key!V6rds:MultiPleSoureeHeatPumP;low一levelheat:heating;thermaleeonomy analysis 6目录 目录 第1章绪论...........................................................................................................1 1.1问题的提出...................................................................................................2 1.1,1目前船舶的冬季取暖方式..................................................................2 1.1.2目前船舶冬季取暖采用蒸汽取暖的初衷..........................................5 1.2国内外研究现状和发展趋势......................................................................6 1.3本报告的研究内容.......................................................................................8 1.3.1本文的研究目标..................................................................................8 1.3.2本文要解决的问题..............................................................................9 1.4小结...............................................................................................................9 第2章海水源热泵循环.........................................................................................10 2.1热泵的原理及评价参数.............................................................................10 2.1.1热泵的定义.......................................................................................10 2.1.2热泵系统的评价参数.......................................................................13 2.1.3热泵的热源.......................................................................................14 2.2水源热泵的工作原理及特点,.............................,..........................巧 2.2.1海水源热泵的工作循环....................................................................16 2.2.2海水源热泵的影响因素......................,............................18 2.3带经济器的准双级压缩的螺杆压缩机热泵(制冷)循环....................21 2.4复合热源热泵的工作原理及特点............................................................24 2.5三用拖轮船用复合热源热泵空调系统的设计方案................................26 2.5.1三用拖轮空调系统的特点................................................................26 2.5.2三用拖轮船用复合热源热泵设计方案..,...................................28 2.6小结............................................................................................................30 第3章复合热源热泵中央空调设计方案的热力计算与设备选型.....................31 3.1蒸气压缩式热泵(制冷)循环的理论计算.............................................31 3.1.1确定工作参数....................................................................................31 3.1.2热力计算............................................................................................33 3.1.3冷凝器与蒸发器的选型....................................................................35 3.2船用复合热源热泵系统设计方案的设备选型计算................................38 3.2.1某轮空调系统的现状........................................................................38 3.2.2该轮使用复合热源热泵空调系统的设计.......................................40目录 3.2.3循环工况工作参数的确定................................................................40 3.2.4热力计算与设备选型........................................................................41 3.2.5设备选型............................................................................................48 3.4小结.............................................................................................................48 第4章三用拖轮复合热源热泵中央空调的可行性及经济性分析.....................49 4.1热泵制热性能的评价............................,.............................................49 4.1.1节能性评价指标................................................................................49 4.1.2复合热源热泵空调系统的效率....................................................51 4.2复合热源热泵系统的技术经济性分析..........................,....................59 4.2.1技术经济分析评价指标与方法........................................................60 4.2,2设计方案的经济性计算....................................................................63 4.3小结...................................,...................................................................65 第5章结论与展望.................................................................................................66