I 摘要 由于受到社会经济发展、信用法制等多方面因素的影响，金融发展呈现出 较强的环境依赖性。伴随着金融生态概念的提出，国内学者围绕金融生态开展 了一系列研究。目前，在金融生态的相关研究不够全面深入的情况下，通过综 合评价来理解金融发展与金融生态环境要素的相互作用，把握区域金融生态环 境发展变化情况，针对性提出金融生态环境优化建议，从而发挥金融助推经济 发展的效用。 近年来，“三农”问题引发全社会普遍关注。党的十九大更是明确把实施乡 村振兴战略作为我国农业农村发展的方向和长远目标。作为农村经济发展的重 要组成部分，农村金融在社会主义新农村建设中发挥着“助推器”的重要作用， 并在乡村振兴中扮演着重要角色。贵州省位于我国西部欠开发偏远山区，由于 受金融生态环境要素的影响，当前贵州省农村金融发展水平较低，主要表现为： 农村金融资源供给不足、配置效率低下，农村资金大量流出，农村金融发展的 需求不足等。贵州省农村金融发展相对滞后，使得农村地区资本形成、农业产 业发展推进缓慢，贵州农村经济社会发展助力明显不足。作为西部大开发战略 的重要战场，金融发展对贵州省农业农村发展具有重要战略意义。 近年来，贵州省经济社会发展成绩显著，可是作为全国贫困程度最深、贫 困人口最多的省份之一，贵州省脱贫攻坚任务艰巨，农村金融发展面临诸多困 境。在学习参考前人研究的基础上，本文对贵州省农村金融生态环境进行了分 析研究。首先，通过查阅大量文献资料，梳理了农村金融生态环境的概念和内 涵。其次，从农村经济发展、农村金融发展等相关情况出发，分析了贵州省农 村金融生态环境的现状及存在的问题。最后，使用因子分析方法，分析了贵州 省农村金融生态环境的发展趋势，梳理出其主要影响因素，从整体上把握贵州 农村金融发展现状，并提出具体优化对策建议。 在理论研究和实证分析的基础上，本文得出如下结论：一是近年来贵州省 农村金融生态环境持续不断发展优化，促使贵州省农村金融和农村经济社会不 断发展进步。二是贵州省农村金融生态环境最主要影响因素是信用法制环境，摘要 II 其次为经济发展环境、金融发展环境，公共服务环境影响较弱。三是贵州省农 村金融政策支持力度仍然不够；农村金融专业人才缺乏，金融创新明显不足； 金融体系不够完善健全等因素导致贵州农村金融发展较为滞后。 基于贵州“西部欠开发偏远山区”的基本省情，本文评价研究了贵州省农 村金融生态环境，可能创新之处在于： 一是选取贫困程度最深的贵州省作为研究对象，结合农村金融发展的现状 和问题，分析评价了贵州省农村金融生态环境。国内以往的研究多数集中在对 发达省份的实证研究上。 二是银行信贷是此前农村金融的主要研究内容，本文探索将保险纳入研究 范围。尝试增加保险密度、对外开放程度等指标，进一步补充和完善了当前农 村金融生态环境综合评价的指标体系。 三是基于文献研究和实证评价结果，针对性地提出了改善当前问题的一些 对策措施，提出了可供贵州省农村金融发展参考借鉴的一些意见建议。 由于贵州省农村地区相关统计数据的收集存在困难，加上学术研究能力有 限等主观、客观因素的制约，本文还有一些地方需要进一步深入研究。比如因 数据收集困难，评价分析时不得不采用了一些替代指标，一定程度上影响了评 价结果，使其带有一定局限性。因无金融等相关行业从业经验，导致本人对金 融机构的工作无法有更深刻的认识和理解，相关建议无法体现更多的创新性。 关键词：贵州省；农村金融生态环境；因子分析法；优化对策ABSTRACT III ABSTRACT Due to the influence of social and economic development, credit legal system and other factors, financial development shows a strong environmental dependence. Along with the concept of financial ecology, domestic scholars carry out a series of researches on financial ecology. At present, in the absence of comprehensive and in-depth research on financial ecology, comprehensive evaluation is used to understand the interaction between financial development and financial ecological environment factors, grasp the changes in regional financial ecological environment development, and put forward proposals for the optimization of financial ecological environment. So that we can use finance to boost economic development. In recent years, the issue of agriculture, rural areas and farmers has aroused the common concern of the whole society. The 19th National Congress of the Party clearly regards the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy as the direction and long-term goal of China's agricultural and rural development. As an important part of rural economic development, rural finance plays an important role in the construction of new socialist countryside and plays an important role in rural revitalization strategy. Due to the influence of the financial ecological environment factors, the current level of rural financial development in Guizhou province is low, mainly manifested as: insufficient supply of rural financial resources, inefficient allocation, large outflow of rural funds, and insufficient demand for rural financial development. Rural financial development in Guizhou province is lagging behind, making capital formation in rural areas and the development of agricultural industries slow, and the economic and social development of Guizhou rural areas is obviously insufficient. As an important battlefield of Western development strategy, the development of finance is of strategic significance to the agricultural and rural development of Guizhou province. In recent years, the economic and social development of Guizhou province hasABSTRACT IV made remarkable achievements. However, as one of the provinces with the deepest poverty level and the largest number of poor people in the country, the task of poverty eradication in Guizhou province is arduous, and rural financial development faces many difficulties. Based on the previous research results, this paper analyzes and evaluates the financial ecological environment in Guizhou province. Firstly, through consulting a lot of literature and materials, the author combs the concept and connotation of rural financial ecological environment. Secondly, from the related situation of rural economic development and rural financial development, this paper analyzes the present situation and existing problems of rural financial ecological environment in Guizhou province. Finally, using factor analysis method, this paper analyzes the development trend of rural financial ecological environment in Guizhou province, combs out its main influencing factors, grasps the present situation of rural financial development in Guizhou province as a whole, and puts forward countermeasures to optimize the rural financial ecological environment in Guizhou province. On the basis of theoretical research and empirical analysis, this paper draws the following conclusion: First, In recent years, the development and optimization of the rural financial ecological environment in Guizhou province has promoted the continuous development of rural finance and rural economy and society in Guizhou Province. Second, the most important factors affecting the rural financial ecological environment in Guizhou province are the credit legal environment, followed by the economic development environment and the financial development environment, and the public service environment has a weak influence. Third, the support of rural financial policy in Guizhou province is still insufficient. Rural financial professionals lack, financial innovation is obviously insufficient; The financial system is not perfect enough and so on causes Guizhou rural financial development to lag behind. Given that Guizhou belongs to the underdeveloped remote mountainous areas in the west, this paper evaluates and studies the rural financial ecological environment in Guizhou. The possible innovation lies in:ABSTRACT V Firstly, in view of the current situation and problems of rural financial development , this paper evaluates and studies the rural financial ecological environment in Guizhou. Previous studies in China are mostly based on empirical studies of developed countries at the national or provincial levels. Second, the scope of rural financial research will be extended to the insurance field. In the design of the evaluation index system of rural financial ecological environment, we try to increase the insurance density, the degree of opening to the outside world and other indicators to supplement the current comprehensive evaluation research. Third, based on the results of literature research and empirical evaluation, the paper puts forward specific measures to improve the rural financial ecological environment in Guizhou. Due to the difficulty of collecting relevant statistical data in the rural areas of Guizhou province and the constraints of subjective and objective factors such as limited academic research capacity, further research is needed in some places. For example, due to the difficulty of data collection, some alternative indicators have to be used in the evaluation analysis, which has influenced the evaluation results of rural financial ecological environment to some extent, making it have certain limitations. Due to the lack of experience in finance and other related industries, I can not have a deeper understanding and understanding of the work of banking financial institutions, and related proposals can not reflect more innovation. Key words：Guizhou province；The rural financial ecological environment； Factor analysis；Optimization countermeasures目 录 VI 目 录 摘要............................................................................................................I ABSTRACT..............................................................................................III 第一章 绪论.............................................................................................1 第一节 选题背景和研究意义.................................................................................1 一、选题背景............................................................................................................................ 1 二、研究意义............................................................................................................................ 2 第二节 国内外文献综述.........................................................................................3 一、国内文献综述....................................................................................................................3 二、国外文献综述....................................................................................................................7 三、简要述评............................................................................................................................ 8 第三节 框架结构、研究思路和方法...................................................................... 9 一、框架结构............................................................................................................................ 9 二、研究思路............................................................................................................................ 9 三、研究方法............................................................................................................................ 9 第四节 主要创新点与不足.................................................................................... 10 一、主要创新点......................................................................................................................10 二、不足之处...........................................................................................................................11 第二章 农村金融生态环境的相关理论.............................................. 12 第一节 基本概念.................................................................................................... 12 一、农村金融生态环境概念..................................................................................................12 二、农村金融生态环境基本内涵..........................................................................................13 第二节 基本理论...................................................................................................15 一、金融生态相关理论..........................................................................................................15 二、农村金融发展相关理论..................................................................................................16 第三章 贵州省农村金融生态环境现状研究......................................19目 录 VII 第一节 贵州省农村经济环境现状.......................................................................19 一、农村经济发展现状..........................................................................................................19 二、农村经济发展存在问题..................................................................................................22 第二节 贵州省农村金融环境现状.......................................................................23 一、农村金融发展现状..........................................................................................................23 二、农村金融发展现状分析..................................................................................................27 第三节 贵州省农村信用法制环境现状...............................................................29 一、农村信用法制环境现状..................................................................................................29 二、农村信用法制存在问题..................................................................................................30 第四节 贵州省地方政府公共服务环境现状.......................................................31 一、地方政府公共服务现状..................................................................................................31 二、地方政府公共服务存在问题..........................................................................................32 第四章 贵州省农村金融生态环境实证分析......................................33 第一节 实证分析方法原理介绍和评价体系的建立...........................................33 一、因子分析法的基本原理..................................................................................................33 二、评价指标体系的建立......................................................................................................34 第二节 贵州省 2008—2017 年农村金融生态环境分析.....................................35 一、数据分析处理..................................................................................................................35 二、分析结果及结论..............................................................................................................40 第五章 贵州省农村金融生态环境优化建议......................................41 一、大力发展农村经济，改善农村金融的经济基础..........................................................41 二、建立健全新型农村金融体系，强化金融支农力度......................................................42 三、推进社会信用法制文化建设，提升农村金融发展软实力..........................................44 四、规范政府行为，优化提升地方政府执政能力和水平..................................................46