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摘要
客车车辆是铁路客运的重要行车设备，是运输旅客的直接载体，其技术状态
良好才能保证铁路行车安全，否则不仅影响行车，严重的还会危及到旅客人身财
产安全。铁路建设和装备改造升级之后，导致列车运行提速，发车时间间隔的不
断压缩，与此同时，我国铁路运营里程连年增加规模不断扩大，陆续有新旅客列
车线路开通运行，旅客列车数量日益增多，这些因素对客车整备工作提出了新的
要求，但现行的客车整备运营管理思维、管理手段已经不能适应现代铁路客车运
输要求，亟需利用精益思想来优化粗放的客车整备工作
本文首先对客车整备工作内容、性质、特点等方面进行介绍，而后以呼和浩
特客车整备所为研究对象对其运营管理现状进行分析，在此基础上运用帕累托分
析等方法对影响客车整备工作的关键因素进行全面的辨识和归类，提出作业部门
协调僵化、作业互相干扰、信息化壁垒等具体问题，为企业运营管理的改进指明
了方向。然后从三个方面调整优化了客车整备工作：对整备所现有各个部门进行
协调统一管理，形成一体化合署管理制度，为实施精益化管理奠定基础；对整备
业务现行流程进行针对性的优化与再造，形成由调度值班室统一指挥的整备作业
流程，以期实现整备作业准时化；从组织架构调整、岗位培训等方面促进精益化
人力资源管理改革，为实施精益管理提供有力支持。最后，为顺利推动整备系统
实施精益化管理，从观念、领导、制度三个方面提出具体的保障措施
关键词：运营管理，客车整备，精益管理
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Abstract
The passenger trains are important driving equipments for railway passenger
transport, and are direct carriers for transporting passengers. Only when it is in good
technical condition can it ensure driving safety. Otherwise, it will not only affect the
traffic, but also seriously endanger the safety of passenger life and property. After the
railway construction and equipment transformation and upgrading, the speed of the
train operation was increased and the interval between departures was continuously
compressed. At the same time, China's railway scale continues to expand and operating
mileage has increased year after year. New passenger train lines have been opened and
operated one after another which lead to the number of passenger trains is increasing.
These factors put forward new requirements for passenger trains maintenance work.
However, the current thinking and management methods for maintenance passenger
trains can no longer meet the requirements of modern railway passenger transport, and
it is imperative to use lean thinking to optimize the extensive maintenance work of
passenger trains
This paper first introduces the content, nature and characteristics of the passenger
trains maintenance work, and then analyzes the operation management status of
Hohhot passenger trains maintenance center which is a research object. On this basis,
Pareto analysis and other methods are used to comprehensively identify and classify
the key factors affecting the passenger trains maintenance work, proposed specific
issues such as inflexible coordination of operational departments, operational mutual
interference, and information barriers which to indicate the direction of improvement
in business operations management. Then adjust and optimize the passenger
maintenance work from three aspects: Coordinated and unified all of the existing
departments of the Maintenance Center to form an integrated administrative
management system, laying the foundation for implementing lean management.
Optimize and reconstruct targeted to the current process of the passenger train
maintenance business, forming a unified maintenance flow directed by the dispatch
duty room, to realizing just-in-time maintenance. Promote lean human resources
management reform from the aspects of organizational structure adjustment and job
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training, providing strong support for the implementation of lean management. Finally,
in order to smoothly promote the implementation of lean management for the system,
put forward specific safeguard measures from the three aspects of concept, leadership
and institution.
Key words: operations management, lean management, the passenger trains
maintenance。