摘要
近年来，随着互联网技术的迭代更新，人工智能、大数据、区块链等先进技
术逐渐成熟与应用，再加上金融行业自身的发展需要，金融与科技相结合的节奏
不断加快。作为金融与科技融合的产物，金融科技已成为各个国家未来发展规划
中的重要内容。金融科技的快速发展在给商业银行带来先进技术，加快商业银行
变革的脚步，也对商业银行传统的经营模式带来严峻的考验。从积极方面来看，
商业银行获得了新的技术支持，金融科技的运用极大地优化了商业银行的传统经
营模式，简化银行业务流程，推动银行朝着数字化方向发展。在吸收和运用新技
术的过程中，改进了商业银行原有的经营模式，创新出多元化的金融产品和服务
模式，满足了不同客户的要求。从消极方面来看，金融科技与银行的传统业务产
生交互竞争与磨合，银行原有市场份额的不确定性加强。因此，面对金融科技这
把"双刃剑"，我国商业银行应该如何应对，又该如何借助金融科技发展的红利拓
宽客户渠道、提高盈利能力、实现转型升级成为重中之重。
本文基于相关理论研究基础，从正反两个方面梳理具体的影响机制，然后对
22家商业银行 2011-2020年的数据，采用系统 GMM进行分析，并按银行类型进
行分组回归，检验不同性质的银行所受到金融科技的影响是否具有差异性。最后
在稳健性检验中，选取替代变量进行检验，结果表明实证结果是可靠的。
研究得到以下结论:(1)金融科技对商业银行盈利能力的影响存在多面性，一
方面金融科技会从供给端和需求端与商业银行形成竞争，降低银行盈利能力；另
一方面，金融科技的发展会带来技术溢出效应，商业银行运用金融科技降低运营
成本、提高经营效率、拓宽客户渠道，从而提高获利能力； (2)现阶段金融科技
对商业银行的盈利能力产生消极作用，其所带来的弊大于利； (3)金融科技对商
业银行盈利能力的影响确实存在异质性。城商行受到金融科技的抑制作用更明显，
但对国有银行和股份制银行的盈利能力具有促进作用，且对股份制银行的正面影
响更大；(4)结合理论分析和实证结果，本文提出在金融科技背景下提高我国商
业银行盈利能力的有关对策，有助于加快商业银行的数字化发展和转型升级。
关键词：金融科技商业银行盈利能力系统 GMM
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ABSTRACT
In recent years,with the iterative update of Internet technology， advanced
technologies such as artificial intelligence,big data and blockchain have gradually
matured and applied. Coupled with the development needs of the financial industry,
the pace of the combination of Finance and technology has been accelerating. As the
product of the integration of Finance and technology,financial technology has become
an important content in the future development planning of various countries. The
rapid development of financial technology not only brings advanced technology to
commercial banks and speeds up the pace of reform of commercial banks, but also
brings a severe test to the traditional business model of commercial banks. On the
positive side,commercial banks have received new technical support. The application
of financial technology has greatly optimized the traditional business model of
commercial banks,simplified banking business processes,and promoted the
development of banks in the direction of digitization. In the process of absorbing and
applying new technologies,it has improved the original business model of commercial
banks, innovated diversified financial products and service models, and met the
requirements of different customers. On the negative side, there is interactive
competition and running in between fintech and the traditional business of banks, and
the uncertainty of the original market share of banks is strengthened. Therefore,
facing the "double-edged sword" of financial technology,how should China's
commercial banks deal with it， and how to broaden customer channels, improve
profitability and realize transformation and upgrading with the help of the dividend of
financial technology development become the top priority.
Based on the relevant theoretical research，this paper combs the specific impact
mechanism from both positive and negative aspects，then analyzes the data of 22
commercial banks from 2011 to 2020 by using System GMM， and carries out
grouping regression according to the bank type to test whether the impact of financial
science and technology on banks of different nature is different. Finally， in the
robustness test，alternative variables are selected to test，and the results show that the
empirical results are reliable.
The conclusions are as follows: (1) the impact of financial technology on the
profitability of commercial banks is multifaceted. On the one hand,financial
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