山西省正处于经济结构转型的重要阶段，小微企业的转型也是经济转型的重要一 环， 而其中又以科技型小微企业最具发展潜力。最近几年以来，山西省政府探索并采 取了多种办法，积极为科技型小微企业寻找更加适合的筹资途径。目前山西省科技型小 微企业大部分都存在企业的规模小、财务制度不健全、缺少有效地担保措施、主要管理 人员素质良莠不齐等等缺点，而这些缺点都在很大程度上制约了企业有效 地 进行融资。如 何解决科技型小微企业筹资难筹资贵 的 问题已迫在眉睫，成长为山西省转型过程中的关键 任务之一。 此次研究的主要目标是山西某以科技为主的小型公司，本文针对这方面查阅了大量 的主要学说，并发布和收集调查问卷和实地考察一家在山西省科技厅备案的科技型小微 企业进行分析，对山西省的科技型小微企业资金的融通情况有了较为全面地了解。发现 诸如融资贵、融资难、融资渠道单一等等问题已成为山西省科技型小微企业融资路上的 绊脚石。针对这些问题，笔者从政府职能行使、公司本身条件、金融部门在融资过程中 的需求等多方面展开研究。最终了解到致使这种类型的公司步入困境的原因有很多，其 中企业经营管理和财务制度水平的高低直接影响企业融资的成功率，政府政策实施 的的 的收 果也不甚理想，银行、担保等金融机构的金融产品单一和银担企之间信息不对称。之后 笔者在分析的基础上，提出了一些对策力求帮助山西省科技型小微企业化解艰难的资金 筹措过程：政府应改善融资环境，不仅仅要加大扶持力度更要狠抓落实；企业应加强管 理完善财务制度，改善自身融资条件；银行、担保等金融机构应该加大资金业务的革新 力度并加强三方之间的信息沟通。只有通过多方联动共同努力为山西省科技型小微企业 创造良好的营商环境，才有可能给公司带来较大的积极影响。 关 键 词 ： 科 技 型 小 微 企 业 、 融 资 情 况 、 融 资 对 策Abstract Shanxi Province is at an important stage of economic structural transformation. The transformation of small and micro enterprises is also an important part of economic transformation. Among these companies, technology-based small and micro enterprises have the best development prospects. In recent years, Shanxi government departments have carried out many studies and formulated various plans at the same time, hoping to further promote the financing of small and micro technology enterprises. Due to the small-scale, small-scale, small-scale, high-tech enterprises in Shanxi Province, the problemsof small-scale enterprises, unregulated business management, and imperfect financial systems make it difficult for many enterprises to find suitable financing channels, which severely hinders their development. The financing problem of small and micro enterprises of science and technology has become an urgent problem in the transformation and development of Shanxi Province. This article takes Shanxi Province's science and technology small and micro enterprises as the research object. Based on a review of domestic and foreign science and technology small and micro enterprises financing theory, through questionnaire surveys and field visits, we have fully understood the technology of small and micro enterprises in Shanxi Province. Financing status, Through analysis, we know that Shanxi Micro Technology Company has great problems in financing, which costs more and adopts fewer methods. Aiming at the problems faced by small and micro enterprises of science and technology, from the perspective of financial institutions such as enterprises, governments, and banks, this article analyzes the reasonsthat cause companies to face financing difficulties due to their low levelofbusiness management, poor government policy implementation, and banks and other financial institutions. Homogeneous financial products. On the basis of the above, we have worked out a feasible plan for this type of enterprise's financing problems. The details are as follows: the company must strengthen its own capabilities and improve and perfect the financing system; The political department needs to provide a good financing environment and give the greatest support in policy. Banks and other departments cannot continue to use traditional products and models. Only by implementing the above points can the company have a positive impact on financing. Keywords: technology-based small and micro enterprises, financing dilemma, financing countermeasures目录 1 绪论..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景...................................................................................................................1 1.2 研究对象与意义.......................................................................................................2 1.2.1 研究对象...........................................................................................................2 1.2.2 研究意义............................................................................................................2 1.3 研究方法.......................................................................................................................3 1.4 研究创新与困难...........................................................................................................3 2 理论基础与文献综述............................................................................................................ 4 2.1 科技型小微企业的定义...............................................................................................4 2.1.1 小微企业的定义................................................................................................4 2.1.2 科技型企业的定义...........................................................................................5 2.1.3 科技型小微企业的认定....................................................................................5 2.2 理论基础.......................................................................................................................5 2.2.1 企业生命周期理论............................................................................................5 2.2.2 信息不对称理论................................................................................................6 2.2.3 期限匹配理论....................................................................................................7 3 山西科技型小微企业融资的现状......................................................................................... 8 3.1 山西省科技型小微企业基本情况...............................................................................8 3.1.1 山西省科技型小微企业现状...........................................................................8 3.1.2 山西省科技型小微企业融资的主要渠道........................................................9 3.1.3 山西省科技型小微企业的主要融资方式......................................................113.1.4 山西省科技型小微企业融资需求情况..........................................................12 3.2 山西省科技型小微企业融资面临的问题.................................................................14 3.2.1 自身缺陷导致融资效率低..............................................................................14 图 3.3 融资失败样本公司中所存在的缺陷.............................................................15 3.2.2 政策扶持收效甚微..........................................................................................15 3. 2. 3 融资成本较高加重企业负担......................................................................15 图 3.4 样本企业融资的综合成本.............................................................................16 3.2.4 融资渠道不够多元化......................................................................................16 图 3.5 样本企业融资主要困难排序.........................................................................17 3.2.5 信用担保系统不规范......................................................................................17 3.3 山西省科技型小微企业筹融资困境成因.................................................................17 3.3.1 企业自身的因素..............................................................................................17 3.3.2 政府方面的因素..............................................................................................19 3.3.3 金融机构端因素..............................................................................................20 4 山西省科技型小微企业融资问题解决对策....................................................................... 22 4.1 提高自身素质有效改善企业自身融资条件.............................................................22 4.1.1 建立科学的管理制度......................................................................................22 4.1.2 提升企业创新能力与专利技术水平..................................................23 4.1.3 强化企业信用建设...................................................................................23 4.1.4 提升融资认知水平...................................................................................23 4.1.5 合理控制资产负债率..............................................................................24 4.1.6 积极参加行业协会...................................................................................24 4.2 加大政府政策扶持力度.............................................................................................244. 2. 1 重核借贷标准，创新担保机制..................................................................24 4. 2. 2 创新服务科技型小微企业金融需求的保障措施......................................25 4.2.3 加快融资多元发展..........................................................................................25 4.2.4 整合资源保障政策执行效果..........................................................................26 4.3 金融机构创新金融服务模式.....................................................................................26 4. 3. 1 加强金融严品创新......................................................................................26 4.3.2 通过对接企业建立关系型贷款......................................................................27 4. 3. 3 下放业务创新和管理审批权限..................................................................27 4. 3. 4 发展科技型小微企业产业链金融..............................................................27 4. 3. 5 丰富金融组织形式......................................................................................28 4.4 大力发展以互联网金融为代表的普惠金融.............................................................28 4. 4. 1 构建融资服务平台......................................................................................28 4.4.2 合理利用第三方支付融资..............................................................................28 5 山西省 XX 电力科技有限公司融资案例分析..................................................................... 29 5.1 公司概况.....................................................................................................................29 5.2 发展历程.....................................................................................................................29 5.3 融资需求.....................................................................................................................29 5.4 公司融资优势.............................................................................................................30 5.4.1 完善管理制度促使内控水平提高..................................................................30 5.4.2 健全财务制度提升信息透明度......................................................................30 5.4.3 依托行业协会拓宽融资渠道..........................................................................30 5.4.4 打造企业文化，提升公司软实力..................................................................31 5.4.5 学习掌握政府政策..........................................................................................315.5 经验总结.....................................................................................................................31 6 总结展望............................................................................................................................... 32 6.1 总结.............................................................................................................................32 6.2 展望.............................................................................................................................33