风险管控是铁路隧道建设项目管理的重要工作之一，在复杂工程中尤其重要。本 文以新建广州铁路枢纽东北货车外绕线下穿北二环高速公路太和枢纽为例，对铁路隧 道下穿高速公路的施工风险分析评价和动态风险管理方法及平台开展了系统研究，主 要内容及成果如下。 （1）依据相关规程和指南，对依托工程进行了风险分析，在工程重难点分析的 基础上进行了风险源分析、检查和致险因子辨识。 （2）针对依托工程面临的重大风险事故，详细分析和评估了隧道工程坍塌、渗 水和洞口失稳等重大事故风险，提出了重大风险控制对策和施工管控策略。 （3）结合依托工程制定了工程建设动态风险管控方案，采用增强现实技术和设 备，指导开发了工程建设动态风险管理系统。 研究成果在依托工程中得到了应用验证，保障了太和隧道下穿北二环高速的施工 安全，达到了预期目标。 关键词：风险管理；铁路隧道；下穿工程；增强现实技术 I ABSTRACT Risk control is one of the most important work of the management of railway tunnel construction project, especially in complex projects. Taking North-east Freight Car Winding Down through Taihe Hub of North Second Ring Highway of Guangzhou Railway Hub as an example, the construction risk analysis and evaluation as well as dynamic risk management method and platform of railway tunnel under-crossing the highway are systematically studied. Contents and results of this study are as follows: (1) According to related regulations and guidelines, risk analysis of relying project is carried out. On the basis of analysis of key and difficult engineering problems, the risk source analysis, inspection and risk factor identification are carried out . (2) Aiming at the major risk accidents faced by the supporting project, the risk of major accidents such as tunnel collapse, seepage and instability of tunnel entrance is analyzed and evaluated in detail. Major risk control countermeasures and construction control strategies are put forward. (3) Combining with the relying project, the dynamic risk management and control scheme of engineering construction has been worked out. With the employment of augmented reality technology and equipment, dynamic risk management system for engineering construction has been developed. The results have been applied and verified in the support engineering. It ensures the construction safety of Taihe tunnel under-crossing the North Second Ring Highway and the expected goal is achieved. KEYWORDS: risk management railway tunnel under-crossing engineering reality technology enhancement V 目 录 摘要 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ I ABSTRACT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- III 第一章 绪论 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 1.1 选题背景 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.2.1 隧道下穿敏感建构筑物的工程技术 ------------------------------------------- 2 1.2.2 隧道下穿敏感建构筑物的风险管理 ------------------------------------------- 2 1.3 研究内容与方法 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.3.1 主要研究内容 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.3.2 主要研究方法和技术路线 ------------------------------------------------------- 4 第二章 项目特点与重大风险源的识别 --------------------------------------------------------- 7 2.1 依托项目的概况及重难点 --------------------------------------------------------------- 7 2.1.2 施工周边环境 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 2.1.3 项目重难点 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 2.2 依托项目施工方案与措施 --------------------------------------------------------------- 9 2.2.1 隧道暗挖施工方案 ---------------------------------------------------------------- 9 2.2.2 地面改道施工方案 --------------------------------------------------------------- 12 2.3 依托项目总体风险分析 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 13 2.3.1 评估范围 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 2.3.2 评估依据 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 2.3.3 评估方法 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 2.3.4 工序分解 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 2.3.5 风险源普查 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 2.3.6 致险因子分析 --------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 2.4 本章小结 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 第三章 重大风险源关联分析与管控策略 ----------------------------------------------------- 25 3.1 隧道工程重大风险源辨识与评价 ----------------------------------------------------- 25 3.1.1 坍塌风险源辨识与评估 --------------------------------------------------------- 25 3.1.2 涌水/渗水风险辨识与评估 ----------------------------------------------------- 27 3.1.3 洞口失稳风险源辨识与评估 --------------------------------------------------- 28 3.2 隧道重大风险源控制措施建议 -------------------------------------------------------- 29 3.2.1 坍塌事故控制措施 --------------------------------------------------------------- 29 VI 3.2.2 涌水/渗水事故控制措施 -------------------------------------------------------- 30 3.2.3 洞口失稳事故控制措施 --------------------------------------------------------- 31 3.2.4 下穿段施工安全质量控制 ------------------------------------------------------ 31 3.3 路堑高边坡重大风险源辨识与评价 -------------------------------------------------- 38 3.3.1 评估单元工序分解与风险源清单 --------------------------------------------- 38 3.3.2 边坡开挖施工事故可能性等级 ------------------------------------------------ 41 3.4 路堑高边坡重大风险源控制措施建议------------------------------------------------ 41 3.4.1 边坡开挖施工风险控制措施 --------------------------------------------------- 41 3.4.2 大变形风险控制措施 ------------------------------------------------------------ 42 3.4.3 机械伤害风险控制措施 --------------------------------------------------------- 42 3.4.4 触电风险控制措施 --------------------------------------------------------------- 42 3.5 本章小结 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42 第四章 基于增强现实技术的动态风险管理 -------------------------------------------------- 43 4.1 增强现实技术概述 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 43 4.1.1 增强现实技术的概念 ------------------------------------------------------------ 43 4.1.2 增强现实技术的原理 ------------------------------------------------------------ 43 4.1.3 增强现实技术的关键设备 ------------------------------------------------------ 44 4.1.4 增强现实技术的工程应用 ------------------------------------------------------ 44 4.1.5 增强现实技术的发展难点 ------------------------------------------------------ 46 4.2 基于增强现实技术的风险动态管控方案 --------------------------------------------- 46 4.2.1 动态风险管控的总体思路 ------------------------------------------------------ 46 4.2.2 动态风险管控的工作流程 ------------------------------------------------------ 48 4.2.3 动态风险管控系统的功能设计 ------------------------------------------------ 49 4.3 基于增强现实技术的风险动态管控平台 --------------------------------------------- 49 4.3.1 平台主要文件格式及定义 ------------------------------------------------------ 49 4.3.2 平台主要工作行为 --------------------------------------------------------------- 51 4.4 依托工程动态风险管控应用情况 ----------------------------------------------------- 52 4.4.1 下穿段动态风险管控实施情况 ------------------------------------------------ 52 4.4.2 部分动态风险管控成果 --------------------------------------------------------- 53 4.5 本章小结 ----------------------------------------