21世纪以来，国家创新驱动发展战略的实施使得企业面临更复杂的环境和 更激烈的市场竞争，对管理者的决策能力提出了新的挑战。高管团队是企业的核 心价值，高管团队多元化能够促进企业维持市场竞争力和风险抵御能力，为提升 企业绩效奠定人才基础。本研究针对高管团队多元化与绩效的关系进行深度分析, 强调引入研究情景对多元化进行分类的关键意义，对以往相关研究结论不一致的 现象做出解释。同时关注企业研发行为，对高管团队多元化对绩效产生影响的边 界条件进行探索。 本文基于社会分类理论、社会层级理论和信息加工理论，参照不同的研究情 景，将高管团队多元化分为TMT分离型多元化、TMT不平等型多元化和TMT 多样型多元化三类。本文建立了一个有调节的中介模型，引入研发强度作为中介 变量对高管团队多元化与绩效的关系进行了进一步解释，并探讨了企业所有制因 素对中介的调节效应，以期深入探究绩效提升的影响机制及边界条件。本研究分 为以下三方面：首先，分别探讨了TMT分离型多元化、TMT不平等型多元化和 TMT多样型多元化对企业绩效的影响机制；其次，分析了三类TMT多元化特征 通过企业研发强度间接影响绩效的过程，探讨了研发强度在高管团队多元化和绩 效之间的间接中介效应；最后，基于以上研究，加入了调节变量企业所有制性质， 进一步探讨了中国情景下高管团队多元化与通过研发强度影响绩效水平的边界 条件。 本文基于二手数据以我国近四年的551家沪深上市企业为研究样本，通过实 证检验得出以下结论：第一，TMT分离型多元化对企业绩效有负向影响，TMT 不平等型多元化与TMT多样型多元化对企业绩效有正向影响；第二，TMT分离 型多元化对企业研发强度有负向影响，TMT不平等型多元化与TMT多样型多元 化对企业研发强度有正向影响，研发强度在高管团队多元化和绩效的关系中发挥 中介作用，并为部分中介作用。第三，企业所有制性质调节了研发强度间接中介 效应，但对不同类型的调节效应并不相同。同时，厘清不同类型的多元化对研发 与绩效的作用机制及其作用边界为企业提供了重要的管理启示。一方面，有助于 企业构建基于自身特点的最佳高管团队结构配置，实现管理效率和决策质量的提 兰州大学硕士学位论文 高管团队多元化与企业绩效的影响机制研究—— 基于研发强度中介和所有制性质调节效应 III 升，另一方面，调整团队多元化人才结构能够引导企业向不同方向发展，企业领 导者在不同战略目标下可以通过适当调整高管团队多元化偏重实现企业发展的 转型跃升和组织发展的优化。 本研究的创新点有三个方面，第一，通过引入研究情景发现不同类型多元化 对研发和绩效的作用机制和效应不同，而不区分研究情景会导致作用效应互相抵 消，据此对以往研究高管团队多元化与绩效间关系不一致的情况进行合理解释。 第二，关注组织结构纵向差异，补充组织层面差异化研究的不足。第三，关注企 业所有制性质，指出企业自身性质是影响多元化水平发挥作用的重要因素，是多 元化作用于绩效的重要边界条件。 关键词：高管团队多元化，研发强度，所有制性质，企业绩效 兰州大学硕士学位论文 高管团队多元化与企业绩效的影响机制研究—— 基于研发强度中介和所有制性质调节效应 IV THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIVERSITY OF TOP MANAGEMENT TEAM AND ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE——THE MEDIATING ROLE OF R&D INTENSITY AND THE MODERATING ROLE OF CORPERATE OWNERSHIP Abstract Since the 21st century, the implementation of national innovation-driven development strategy makes enterprises face more complex environment and more fierce market competition, which poses new challenges to managers' decision-making ability. Top management team is the core value of an enterprise. Diversity of top management team can promote the maintenance of market competitiveness and risk resistance of an enterprise, and lay a talent foundation for improving enterprise performance. This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the relationship between diversification and performance of the top management team, emphasizes the key significance of introducing research scenarios to classify diversification, and explains the inconsistency of previous research conclusions. At the same time, it pays attention to the research and development behavior of enterprises and explores the boundary conditions of the influence of the diversity of top management team on the performance. Based on social classification theory, social hierarchy theory and information processing theory, and referring to different research scenarios, this paper divides the diversity of senior management team into three categories: TMT separation diversity, TMT inequality diversity and TMT diversity. This paper establishes a moderated mediation model, introduces R&D intensity as a mediating variable to further explain the relationship between executive team diversification and performance, and discusses the moderating effect of enterprise ownership factors on mediating, so as to further explore the influencing mechanism and boundary conditions of performance improvement. This study is divided into the following three aspects: First, the influence mechanism of TMT separation diversification, TMT inequality diversification and 兰州大学硕士学位论文 高管团队多元化与企业绩效的影响机制研究—— 基于研发强度中介和所有制性质调节效应 V TMT diversity on enterprise performance is discussed respectively. Secondly, this paper analyzes the process of three types of TMT diversification characteristics indirectly affecting performance through enterprise R&D intensity, and discusses the indirect mediating effect of R&D intensity on the diversification and performance of senior management team. Finally, the moderating variable of enterprise ownership nature is added to further discuss the boundary conditions of the diversification of senior management team and the influence of R&D intensity on performance level under the Chinese scenario. This paper takes 551 listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen as research samples in recent four years and draws the following conclusions through empirical test. First, TMT separation diversification has a negative impact on corporate performance, while TMT unequal diversification and TMT diverse diversification have a positive impact on corporate performance; Second, TMT separation diversification has a negative impact on enterprise R&D intensity, TMT unequal diversification and TMT diverse diversification have a positive impact on enterprise R&D intensity, and R&D intensity plays an intermediary role in the relationship between executive team diversification and performance, and plays a part of the intermediary role. Third, the nature of enterprise ownership moderates the indirect mediating effect of R&D intensity, but the moderating effect is not the same for different types. At the same time, clarifying the mechanism and boundary of different types of diversification on R&D and performance provides important management enlightenment for enterprises. On the one hand, the conclusion of this paper can help enterprises to build the best executive team structure configuration, can realize the management efficiency and decision quality, on the other hand, by adjusting the team diversity talent structure to guide the enterprise to develop in different directions, business leaders can under different strategic goals, adjust the executive team diversity in order to realize the transformation of enterprise development jumped and the optimization of organizational development. The innovation of this study point has three aspects. First, by introducing the scene, this paper found that different types of diversification of research and development and the performance of different mechanism of action and effect, but does not distinguish research situation can lead to effects cancel each other out. Secondly, this paper focuses on the longitudinal difference of organizational structure to supplement the deficiency of differentiation research at the organizational level. Thirdly, this paper focuses on the nature of enterprise ownership and points out that the nature of enterprises is an 兰州大学硕士学位论文 高管团队多元化与企业绩效的影响机制研究—— 基于研发强度中介和所有制性质调节效应 VI important factor affecting the performance of diversification and an important boundary condition for diversification. Keywords: TMT diversity, R&D intensity, enterprise ownership, enterprise performance 兰州大学硕士学位论文 高管团队多元化与企业绩效的影响机制研究—— 基于研发强度中介和所有制性质调节效应 VII 目 录 中文摘要 ........................................................................