“大众创业、万众创新”成为中国的国家战略之后，在全国范围内掀起了一 股创业创新的风潮，众创空间的建设进展日新月异，其数量已迅速增至当前的 5700 多家，我国跻身成为众创空间大国。但由于增长速度和理论研究、政策管 理的不协调，众创空间仍处于摸索前行的初级发展阶段，我国距离众创空间强国 的位置也还有不小距离。对众创空间进行全面、深入的理论和实证研究，有助于 指导众创空间的长远建设，推动众创空间稳定、健康成长，进一步促进创新创业。 另一方面，众创空间是共享经济时代的产物。其以“平台化”为特征、“服务” 为宗旨、“赋能”为职责和“价值共创”为目标的特点，都使其区别于国外创客 空间和传统孵化器。因此，结合价值共创理论和赋能理论对众创空间生态系统的 构成体系、运营模式、运行机制和培育现状等进行探究，对众创空间的发展规划 有重大指导意义，对当前众创空间的转型升级也提供了理论支撑。 本研究首先结合前人研究和实地调研，对众创空间生态系统的内涵界定、特 征、功能、构成要素及其互动层次进行分析，以构建众创空间生态系统。其次， 根据众创空间生态系统的功能导向和互动层次差异，归纳出众创空间生态系统的 六种价值共创模式及其运行特点，为众创空间的自我评估和自我定位提供依据。 再次，综合先前讨论并结合创业相关研究，分析众创空间生态系统基于赋能的价 值共创运行机制。最后，本研究采用 2016-2018 年浙江省众创空间年报数据，通 过面板负二项模型对众创空间的赋能形式和培育绩效之间的关系进行实证研究。 研究结果表明：众创空间的资源赋能对其可持续绩效和创新绩效有显著正向影 响，而服务赋能则显著正向影响创业绩效；众创空间当前资源配置效率不高，且 服务内容缺乏全面性和综合性。因此，众创空间在未来发展过程中应注重“硬投 入”和“软投入”的平衡，并积极与政府合作，发挥政策的支撑和导向作用。 关键词：众创空间，创新创业，赋能，价值共创，培育绩效浙江工业大学硕士学位论文 II RESEARCH ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF MAKERSPACE ECOSYSTEM AND ITS ECOLOGY EMPOWERMENT MECHANISM ABSTRACT As “Mass innovation and entrepreneurship” becomes a national strategy in China and sets off a wave of innovation and entrepreneurship, the construction and development of Makerspace is changing with each passing day. China has become a large country of makerspace with its current number increases to more than 5,700. However, makerspaces are still at an early stage of development in China because its growth rate is not in accord with its theoretical research and policy administration, which keeps China far from being a great power of makerspace. The comprehensive and intensive study on makespace from both theoretical and empirical aspects will help direct the long term planning and construction of makerspace, promote its steady and sound progress and further encourage innovation and entrepreneurship. In addition, makespace is the result of the sharing economy and it serves as a platform which is service-oriented, empowerment-focused and targeted at value co-creating. These features all distinguish China’s makerspaces from both foreign ones and traditional incubators. Therefore, it is necessary to study the system structure, operating models, operational mechanism and status quo of makespace ecosystem. On the basis of former researches and fieldwork, this paper analyzes the connotation, characteristics, function, constituent elements and interactive layers of makerspace ecosystem. Then, founded on the different function orientations and interactive layers of makerspace ecosystem, six value co-creating models with some operational features peculiar to themselves are categorized which provides references to makerspaces’ self-assessment and self-positioning. Thirdly, synthesizing the previous discussion and based on entrepreneurship-related studies and empowerment researches, an investigation into the value co-creating mechanisms of makerspace ecosystem is carried out. Finally, using the 2016-2018 makerspace’s annual reports of Zhejiang province, this thesis conducts an empirical research on correlation between the empowerment approaches and cultivating performance with panel negative binomial model. The results show that the resource empowerment of makerspace has a significant impact on the sustainable performance and innovation performance. On众创空间生态系统的构建与生态赋能机制研究 III the contrary, service empowerment has a significant impact on entrepreneurial performance; the current efficiency of resources allocation of makerspace is far from ideal due to the lack of comprehensiveness and integrity of its services. As a result, makerspaces should focus on balancing its investment in “hardware” and “software” in the course of their future development, as well as take an active part in cooperation with government in order to be supported and guided by policies. KEY WORDS: Makerspace, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Empowerment, Value Co-creating, Cultivating Performance浙江工业大学硕士学位论文 IV 目 录 摘要.............................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................. II 目 录..........................................................................................................................IV 插图清单......................................................................................................................VI 表格清单......................................................................................................................VI 第一章 绪论..................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景..........................................................................................................1 1.2 研究意义..........................................................................................................2 1.2.1 理论意义................................................................................................2 1.2.2 实践意义................................................................................................2 1.3 研究框架..........................................................................................................3 1.3.1 研究内容................................................................................................3 1.3.2 论文结构................................................................................................3 1.4 技术路线和研究方法......................................................................................5 1.4.1 技术路线................................................................................................5 1.4.2 研究方法................................................................................................6 第二章 文献综述..........................................................................................................7 2.1 众创空间相关研究综述..................................................................................7 2.1.1 众创空间的概念界定............................................................................7 2.1.2 众创空间的特征与类型........................................................................9 2.2.2 众创空间的功能与运行机制..............................................................10 2.2 创业相关理论综述........................................................................................12 2.2.1 创业生态系统理论..............................................................................12 2.2.2 创业过程、创业学习及创业能力......................................................13 2.3 赋能与价值共创的理论综述........................................................................14 2.3.1 赋能理论..............................................................................................14 2.3.2 价值共创与服务生态系统理论..........................................................15 第三章 众创空间生态系统与价值共创模式的构建................................................17 3.1 众创空间生态系统的内涵界定....................................................................17 3.2 众创空间生态系统的特征分析....................................................................18 3.3 众创空间生态系统的构成及功能分析........................................................20众创空间生态系统的构建与生态赋能机制研究 V 3.3.1 众创空间生态系统的构成..................................................................20 3.3.2 众创空间生态系统的功能分析..........................................................22 3.4 众创空间生态系统的价值共创模式构建与分类........................................23 3.4.1 众创空间生态系统的价值共创模式构建..........................................23 3.4.2 众创空间生态系统的分类..................................................................23 第四章 众创空间生态系统基于赋能的价值共创机制研究....................................27 4.1 基于生态集成的资源赋能机制....................................................................27 4.2 基于协同共生的服务赋能机制....................................................................30 4.3 基于成果共享的价值实现机制....................................................................35 4.4 整体运行机制................................................................................................37 第五章 众创空间生态系统的生态赋能实证研究....................................................39 5.1 研究设计........................................................................................................39 5.1.1 数据来源..............................................................................................39 5.1.2 研究变量的指标选取..........................................................................40 5.1.3 研究假设..............................................................................................42 5.1.4 模型设定..............................................................................................44 5.2 实证结果分析................................................................................................44 5.2.1 描述统计结果与分析..........................................................................45 5.2.2 相关分析..............................................................................................47 5.2.3 回归分析..............................................................................................47 5.3 本章小结........................................................................................................48 第六章 众创空间发展的对策建议............................................................................50 6.1 建立品牌优势，重视人才聚集培养............................................................50 6.2 合理配置资源，完善空间服务功能............................................................50 6.3 明确空间定位，精准制定发展路径............................................................51 6.4 寻求政府合作，发挥政策导向作用............................................................51 第七章 结论与展望....................................................................................................53 7.1 研究结论........................................................................................................53 7.2 不足与展望....................................................................................................54