随着我国人民生活水平的提高以及近年来医疗卫生事业的高速发展，各地医疗机构 均希望通过扩大院区、引入先进的医疗设备与优秀的医务人才来满足人们日益增长的就 医需求。首先，面对当下脱贫攻坚的首要任务，为了改善贫困地区的就医条件，医疗配 套是其中的重要环节，而增加基层医疗机构数量是关键，这就使得大型医疗机构开设下 属分支机构的过程中会存在资金短缺问题；其次，现有的大多数医疗机构都不同程度的 存在老旧过时且需要更新换代的设备，其发展过程中购买新设备需要大量资金，此时一 小部分经营优秀的医疗机构可以通过银行借款得以缓解，但是大部分医疗机构都不具有 银行借款能力，亦或者通过银行借款满足不了自身发展的需求，而融资租赁则提供了一 种有效的融资方式，能为先进医疗设备的引进给予强有力的支撑。与此同时，近年来在 我国医疗设备融资租赁业务快速发展的过程中，部分融资租赁公司因风险识别与管控工 作滞后而导致其业务停滞甚至破产清算等一系列问题。因此，针对医疗设备融资租赁业 务，建立前瞻性的项目风险识别体系，构建有效的风险防控机制，强化融资租赁业务中 的风险控制，是促进整个行业健康有序发展迫切需要解决的问题。 论文在对医疗设备融资租赁的概念，业务模式，运作流程分析的同时阅读及研究大 量文献资料，以医疗设备融资租赁及风险控制理论为指导，结合我国目前医疗设备融资 租赁行业现状及存在的问题，剖析了我国医疗设备融资租赁风险产生机制，同时总结了 风险类别：信用风险、技术风险、市场风险、融资保证风险、偿还能力风险。梳理了现 阶段仍然存在的问题，并针对不同风险，结合风险控制相关理论，提出风险控制方面具 体的措施。 本文在融资租赁相关理论分析的基础上，结合 M 租赁公司的实际和融资租赁业务实 际流程，从 M 融资租赁公司视角出发，对 Y 医院的设备直租项目在租赁方案设计及租赁 物调查，承租人调查情况，医院评分模型，现场尽职调查情况，调查结论 5 个方面进行 阐述，并在其中结合研究理论，系统的对医疗设备融资租赁项目中存在的风险点进行梳 理并展示控制方法，最后指出 M 租赁公司的不足并提出建议。论文中所指医疗设备融资 租赁均为设备的直接租赁业务。 关键词：融资租赁；医疗设备；风险控制III ABSRACT With the improvement of people's living standards and the rapid development of medical and health undertakings in recent years, medical institutions all over the country hope to meet the growing demand for medical treatment by expanding the hospital area, introducing advanced medical equipment and excellent medical personnel. First of all, faced with the primary task of poverty alleviation, in order to improve the medical conditions in poverty-stricken areas, medical support is an important link, and increasing the number of primary medical institutions is the key, which makes large medical institutions in the process of setting up subordinate branches will have a shortage of funds; secondly, most of the existing medical institutions are obsolete to varying degrees In the process of development, a small number of excellent medical institutions can be relieved by bank loans, but most medical institutions do not have the ability to borrow money from banks, or they can not meet the needs of their own development through bank loans, while financial leasing provides an effective way of financing It can provide strong support for the introduction of advanced medical equipment. At the same time, in recent years, in the process of rapid development of medical equipment financial leasing business in China, some financial leasing companies have a series of problems such as business stagnation and bankruptcy liquidation due to the lag of risk identification and control. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a forward-looking project risk identification system, build an effective risk prevention and control mechanism, and strengthen the risk control in the financial leasing business, which is an urgent problem to be solved to promote the healthy and orderly development of the whole industry. Based on the analysis of the concept, business model and operation process of medical equipment financial leasing, this paper analyzes the risk generation mechanism of medical equipment financial leasing in China, and summarizes the risk categories Credit risk, technical risk, market risk, financing guarantee risk and repayment ability risk. This paper combs the existing problems at this stage, and puts forward specific measures for risk control according to different risks and combining with risk control theory. In this paper, based on the theoretical analysis of financial leasing, combined with the actual situation of M leasing company and the actual process of financial leasing business,IV from the perspective of M financial leasing company, this paper analyzes the current situation of M leasing company Y hospital's equipment direct leasing project is elaborated in five aspects: Lease scheme design and lease investigation, tenant survey, hospital scoring model, on-site due diligence and investigation conclusion. Combined with the research theory, the paper systematically combs the risk points in medical equipment financial leasing project and shows the control methods. Finally, it points out the shortcomings of M leasing company offer a proposal. The financial leasing of medical equipment in this paper is the direct leasing business of equipment. Key words: financial leasing; medical equipment; risk controlV 目 录 第一章 绪论...............................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景和意义...........................................................................................................1 1.1.1 研究背景..........................................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究意义..........................................................................................................2 1.2 国内外研究现状与总结...............................................................................................2 1.2.1 国外相关研究现状..........................................................................................2 1.2.2 国内相关研究现状..........................................................................................3 1.2.3 国内外文献评述..............................................................................................5 1.3 研究内容与方法路线...................................................................................................5 1.3.1 研究内容..........................................................................................................5 1.3.2 研究方法与路线..............................................................................................5 1.3.3 研究创新点......................................................................................................6 第二章 基本概念和相关理论...................................................................................................7 2.1 医疗设备融资租赁相关概念.......................................................................................7 2.1.1 融资租赁..........................................................................................................7 2.1.2 医疗设备融资租赁..........................................................................................8 2.2 风险控制相关概念.......................................................................................................8 2.2.1 风险及其产生的原因......................................................................................8 2.2.2 风险控制的基本概念......................................................................................9 2.2.3 医疗设备融资租赁风险控制的基本方向......................................................9 第三章 M 租赁公司发展现状及外部环境.............................................................................11 3.1 M 租赁公司基本情况................................................................................................11 3.1.1 M 租赁公司医疗设备融资租赁业务发展现状...........................................11 3.1.2 M 租赁公司医疗设备融资租赁业务流程与特点.......................................12 3.2 M 租赁公司的外部环境............................................................................................12 3.2.1 医疗行业发展给 M 租赁公司带来机遇......................................................12 3.2.2 融资租赁相关政策出台带来的利好............................................................13 第四章 M 租赁公司医疗设备融资租赁项目风险识别.........................................................16VI 4.1 承租人（医院）的风险产生机制及风险类别........................................................16 4.1.1 医院的风险产生机制...................................................................................16 4.1.2 医院风险的类别............................................................................................16 4.2 出租人（M 租赁公司）的风险产生机制及风险类别............................................17 4.2.1 M 租赁公司风险的产生机制.......................................................................17 4.2.2 M 租赁公司风险的类别...............................................................................18 4.3 其他外部方面............................................................................................................19 4.3.1 法律法规制度不完善....................................................................................19 4.3.2 不可抗力........................................................................................................20 第五章 M 公司医疗设备融资租赁项目风险控制对策研究................................................21 5.1 M 租赁公司对承租人的项目风险控制方法............................................................21 5.1.1 调查医疗机构所处地区医疗政策................................................................21 5.1.2 审查设备采购的真实性................................................................................21 5.1.3 审查经营状况并分析还款来源....................................................................21 5.1.4 应收、应付账款账龄分析............................................................................22 5.1.5 担保企业及担保人资信核查........................................................................22 5.1.6 租后的设备现场考察....................................................................................23 5.2 M 租赁公司风险的控制对策....................................................................................23 5.2.1 提升项目操作质量........................................................................................23 5.2.2 降低业务人员流动性风险............................................................................24 5.2.3 提升人员职业道德........................................................................................24 5.2.4 提升资产处置手段........................................................................................24 第六章 M 租赁公司医疗设备融资租赁项目风险控制案例分析........................................25 6.1Y 医院融资租赁项目分析..........................................................................................25 6.1.1Y 医院租赁方案设计及租赁物调查.............................................................25 6.1.2Y 医院调查基本情况与财务状况调查.........................................................27 6.1.3Y 医院收入与刚性债务支出测算.................................................................32 6.1.4Y 医院评分模型.............................................................................................33 6.1.5Y 医院现场尽职调查情况说明.....................................................................33 6.1.6Y 医院调查结论.............................................................................................34VII 6.2 医疗设备融资租赁风险控制理论框架在案例中的应用.........................................35 6.2.1 项目流程方面的应用....................................................................................35 6.2.2 部门设置方面的应用....................................................................................36 6.2.3 制度规范方面的应用....................................................................................37 结论...........................................................................................................................................38