随着我国经济社会的发展和医疗技术水平的进步，老年人口基数越来越大，人 口老龄化速度越来越快，老年人这一特殊人群也引起了足够的关注。人口老龄化形 式的日趋严峻，使养老问题成为全新挑战。但是，受我国计划生育政策的影响，现 有的家庭模式使传统养老方式负担日益加重，家庭养老已不足以更好的支撑养老。 机构养老作为一种新型养老形式，迅速崛起，在强大的市场作用下发挥着自己应有 的作用。日益增多的养老需求，使公办养老机构显得力不从心，与此同时，随着诸 多民间资本的注入，民办养老机构日益兴起。 基于此，本文选取了民办养老机构作为研究对象，以枣庄市Y老年公寓为例， 通过实地调研和对相关人员进行访谈，充分了解枣庄市Y老年公寓目前经营状况， 探究其面临的发展限制。综合利用三种战略分析工具对其发展状况进行精准分析， 找出其发展过程中的优势及劣势，并进行发展战略的选择，从而提出有针对性的战 略发展对策，以期为其他民办养老机构的进一步发展提供一定的理论和实践参考。 本文先介绍了我国老龄化社会现状、养老市场发展概况、养老机构发展情况， 然后，对相关概念和理论基础进行了概述,主要回顾了所运用的战略分析工具。接着， 选取枣庄市Y老年公寓作为研究对象，对其目前的发展及经营状况进行分析思考。 通过实地调研，对枣庄市Y老年公寓目前入住老人、曾经入住老人、机构管理人员、 机构工作人员、民政局负责人、老年人体市场进行访谈，充分了解枣庄市Y公寓的 运行情况，并综合利用PEST、波特五力、SWOT战略分析工具对其宏观环境、行业竞 争环境及内部环境进行综合分析，针对以上研究得出的评估结果，对其进行战略选 择。最后，结合枣庄市Y老年公寓实际情况，提出了差异化战略，提出下一步发展 举措。 关键词：人口老龄化；民办养老机构；战略分析；发展战略 II A study on the development strategy of y apartment for the elderly in Zaozhuang Abstract With the development of China's economy and society and the progress of medical technology，the population of the elderly is increasing, the population is aging faster and faster, the elderly, a special group, have also attracted enough attention. The aging of population is becoming more and more serious, make the problem of providing for the aged a new challenge. However, influenced by China's family planning policy, existing family model makes the burden of traditional pension increasingly heavy, family pension is not enough to support the pension. Institutional endowment as a new form of endowment, rapid rise, under the strong market role, it plays its due role. The increasing demand for old-age care makes public pension institutions appear inadequate, at the same time, with the injection of many private capital, private pension institutions are rising. Based on this, this paper selects private pension institutions as the research object, taking Y senior apartment in Zaozhuang as an example, through field research and interviews with relevant personnel, to fully understand the current operating situation of y senior apartment in Zaozhuang, explore the development constraints it faces. Making use of three kinds of strategic analysis tools to carry on the accurate analysis to its development situation, finding out its advantages and disadvantages in the development process, and making the choice of development strategy, thus putting forward the targeted strategic development countermeasure, with a view to the further development of other private pension institutions to provide certain theoretical and practical reference. Firstly, this paper introduces the current situation of aging society, the development of pension market, and the development of pension institutions，then, the relevant concepts and theoretical basis are outlined, mainly reviewed the use of strategic analysis tools. Then, we choose the elderly Y apartment in Zaozhuang as the research object, and analyze its current development and business situation. Through field research, interviews were conducted on the elderly who currently live in the Y apartment for the elderly in Zaozhuang, those who have lived in the elderly, the management staff of the institution, the staff of the institution, the person in charge of the civil affairs bureau, and the elderly human body market, fully understand the operation of Y apartment in Zaozhuang, and comprehensively use PEST, porter five strength, SWOT strategic analysis tools to conduct a comprehensive III analysis of its macro environment, industry competitive environment and internal environment, according to the evaluation result of the above research, we choose the strategy. Finally, according to the actual situation of y apartment for the aged in Zaozhuang, this paper puts forward the strategy of differentiation, and puts forward the next step of development. Key words: Population aging; Private pension institutions; Strategic analysis; Development strateg I 目 录 第1章 引 言 ........................................................ 1 1.1研究的背景 .................................................... 1 1.1.1我国老龄化社会现状 ...................................... 1 1.1.2养老市场发展概况 ........................................ 2 1.1.3养老机构发展情况 ........................................ 3 1.2研究的目的及意义 .............................................. 4 1.3国内外研究动态 ................................................ 4 1.4研究内容与方法 ................................................ 7 1.4.1主要研究内容 ............................................ 7 1.4.2主要研究方法 ............................................ 7 第2章 相关概念及理论基础 ........................................... 9 2.1民办养老机构 .................................................. 9 2.2战略分析工具 .................................................. 9 2.2.1PEST分析 ................................................ 9 2.2.2波特五力分析 ........................................... 10 2.2.3SWOT分析 ............................................... 11 2.3竞争战略 ..................................................... 12 第3章 枣庄市Y老年公寓的实地调查 .................................. 14 3.1实地调查基本设计 ............................................. 14 3.2枣庄市Y老年公寓实际运行状况 ................................. 14 3.2.1老年公寓基本情况 ....................................... 15 3.2.2老年公寓内入住老人基本情况 ............................. 16 3.2.3老年公寓内工作人员基本情况 ............................. 18 3.3枣庄市Y老年公寓的相关访谈 ................................... 19 3.3.1入住老人生活满意度访谈情况 ............................. 19 3.3.2相关人员访谈情况 ....................................... 26 3.3.3民办养老机构市场需求情况 ............................... 28 3.3.4枣庄市Y老年公寓竞争对手情况 ........................... 32 第4章 枣庄市Y老年公寓的战略分析及选择 ............................. 33 4.1宏观环境分析 ................................................. 33 4.1.1政府重视，但政策落实不力 ............................... 33 II 4.1.2经济平稳，但资金限制发展 ............................... 34 4.1.3需求旺盛，但社会认可不够 ............................... 35 4.1.4科技助老，但服务水平有限 ............................... 35 4.2行业环境分析 ................................................. 36 4.2.1行业发展状态 ........................................... 36 4.2.2同行业竞争能力 ......................................... 38 4.3内部环境分析 ................................................. 39 4.3.1交通便利，环境优美 ..................................... 39 4.3.2医养结合，人文关怀 ..................................... 39 4.3.3收费合理，管理规范 ..................................... 40 4.3.4机构盈利方式单一，设施设备不完善 ....................... 40 4.3.5服务人员素质偏低，服务项目不全面 ....................... 40 4.3.6市场知名度不高 ......................................... 41 4.4竞争战略选择 ................................................. 41 第5章 枣庄市Y老年公寓差异化战略的发展实施 ......................... 43 5.1加强高端人才管理 ............................................. 43 5.1.1注重高端人才的引进 ..................................... 43 5.1.2关注高端人才的培育 ..................................... 43 5.1.3减少现有人才的流失 ..................................... 43 5.2转变现有盈利理念 .......................................