在全球经济一体化的市场背景下,各行各业面对的同质化竞争越来越激烈。中美两大经 济体之间的贸易摩擦以及政府对环境、职工福利等各方面要求的不断升级，使得国内制造 业的发展困难重重。在这样的宏观环境下，企业经营的压力不断增大，为此各企业除了努 力寻找新的业务增长点去“开源”，也在试图通过分析经营管理的现状，对各项活动进行有 效规划，提升管理水平，实现成本的有效管控来“节流”。其中采购管理是制造型企业成本 管理中的重要环节，通过节约成本，尤其是原材料的采购成本，无疑是企业获得更多利润 的重要途径之一。因此对企业的各项采购活动进行有效分析和规划，通过提升采购管理水 平实现成本节约和利润增加，是各企业当前的一项非常重要和急迫的工作。 采购管理水平的提升，除了实现成本控制的目标，还需要关注质量，交货期和库存管 理。采购运营过程中的时间最合适原则、价格最合理原则、数量和质量最优化原则必须贯 彻到整个采购活动过程中，才能在提供资源与服务时同时实现采购管理提升的目的与意义。 B公司是一家从事焊接设备研发、生产和销售的外资公司。近年来，公司出现订单不 稳定，销售增长乏力的情况，公司盈利面临重大压力。出现这个危机的原因，一方面来自 于经济大环境下行的客观影响；另一方面则来自于国内层出不穷同质化低价产品的竞争以 及不断上涨的原材料成本，使得产品利润空间不断缩小，公司的发展面临严峻考验。作为 焊接领域的中小型制造企业，B公司产品种类繁多，物料采购属于典型的小批量、多品种 模式。焊接电缆是B公司最重要及价值最高的原材料，是本论文的研究对象。本文从焊接 行业的发展变化、焊接产品特性、供应商管理、内部流程优化和信息化的角度，结合公司 经营现状，对B公司焊接电缆采购过程进行研究后总结出问题所在：采购策略单一，采购 程序不合理，采购团队绩效有待提高，供应商管理不够深入和业务信息化支撑不足等等， 并相应进行了具体原因的分析，在国内外采购理论研究的基础上，结合实际情况，对这些 问题提出了优化方案。 优化方案的内容如下：首先应用物料ABC分类法和采购组合矩阵对焊接电缆进行价 值分析和供应定位分析，按焊接电缆类别采用对应的采购策略；其次提出采购程序的优化 方案，简化采购审批过程，缩短时间，提高效率；然后对内推动采购团队设定工作绩效考 核指标，开展专业技能培训和职业发展培训，激励团队成员提升绩效，并使用年度竞标措 施实现降本增效；对外加强供应商管理，利用10C模型和要素评分法开发新焊接电缆供应 商并实施供应商的定期绩效评定，保证焊接电缆及时和安全供应；最后提出了信息化建设 的建议，利用信息化工具实现采购过程无纸化，数字化和可视化，为采购管理优化提供有 力的工具保障。 本论文的部分方案已在B公司推行应用，并初现成效：采购程序的优化及应用信息化 工具后，工作效率得到极大提升；将ABC分析法和采购组合矩阵结合，分类应用采购策 略，明确采购管理方向；公司重新审视了与供应商的合作关系，与MIG焊接电缆供应商建 II 立起双赢的长期战略合作关系；引入年度竞标方法达到明显的降本效果等等。希望本文的 研究成果能让公司相关人员进一步建立正确的采购观念，不再简单片面地认为降低采购成 本就是要求供应商降低物料价格，而是深入理解企业运营中供应链管理与采购成本控制的 内在含义，制定和实施合适的采购策略进行有效的成本管理，从根本上解决问题。期望本 文的采购管理方案可以保持持续的应用和优化，帮助与焊接电缆采购相关的企业提升绩效， 并为其它制造型企业的采购工作从理论和实践上提供参考和借鉴。 关键词：B公司；焊接电缆；采购管理；优化 III Abstract Under the market background of global economic integration, all walks of life are facing more and more fierce homogenization competition. At the same time, the trade frictions between the two major economies of China and the United States, as well as the continuous upgrading of the government's requirements on environment, employee welfare and other aspects, make the development of domestic manufacturing industry difficult. In such a macro environment, the pressure of business operation is increasing. Therefore, in addition to seeking new business growth points to "open source", enterprises are also trying to "cut costs" by analyzing the current situation of business management, making effective planning for various activities, improving management level and realizing effective cost control. Purchasing management is an important aspect in the cost management of manufacturing enterprises. It is undoubtedly one of the important ways for enterprises to obtain more profits by trying to save costs, especially the purchasing cost of raw materials. Therefore, it is a very important and urgent work for enterprises to analyze and plan their purchasing activities effectively and to realize cost saving and profit improvement by improving purchasing management level. In addition to achieving the goal of cost control, the improvement of purchasing management level also needs to pay attention on quality, delivery time and inventory management. The principle of the most suitable time, the most reasonable price, the best quantity and quality of purchasing operation must be implemented in the whole process of purchasing activities for achieve the purpose and significance of improving purchasing management while providing resources and services. Company B is a foreign company engaged in research and development, production and sales of welding equipment. In recent years, Company B experienced unstable orders and weak sales growth as well as the profitability is under great pressure. The reasons for this crisis are: one is the objective impact of the downturn of the economic environment; the other is the endless competition of low-cost products with homogeneity and raw material costs rising in China, which make the product profit space shrinking constantly and the company's profit is facing a severe test. As a small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprise in the field of welding, Company B has a wide range of products and its material procurement belongs to a typical mode “small batch and multi variety”. Welding cable is the most important and valuable raw material of Company B, which is the research object of this paper. From the perspective of development and change of welding industry, characteristics of welding products, supplier management, internal process optimization and informatization as well as combined with the company's current business situation, this paper studies the welding cable procurement process of Company B and summarizes IV the following problems: the procurement strategy is imperfect, the procurement process is unreasonable, the performance of the procurement team needs to be improved, the supplier management system has defects and informatization support not enough. Based on the relevant theoretical research of domestic and oversea, combined with the actual situation this paper puts forward the optimization scheme for these problems. The contents of the optimization plan are as follows: firstly, the ABC classification method and the procurement combination matrix are used to analyze the value and supply orientation of materials and then the corresponding procurement strategy is apply to welding cable according to the category; secondly, the optimization plan of the procurement procedure is proposed to simplify the procurement approval procedure, shorten the time and improve the efficiency; then, the key performance index is set for the internal promotion procurement team, to carry out professional skills training and career development training, to motivate team members to improve performance and implement annual bidding measures to achieve cost reduction and efficiency increase; to strengthen supplier management, to develop new welding cable suppliers by using 10C model and factor scoring method, implement regular performance evaluation of suppliers to ensure the safety and timely supply of welding cables; finally, to put forward suggestions for information construction. Using information tools to realize paperless, digitalization and visualization of procurement process, which are powerful tools guarantee for procurement management optimization. Some of the schemes in this paper have been applied in Company B and have achieved initial results: the work efficiency has been greatly improved after the optimization of procurement procedures and the application of information tools; the ABC analysis method and procurement combination matrix have been combined, the procurement strategy has been classified and