众包研发环境下产品概念设计是一个复杂的、动态的社会化协同创造和开放 式创新的过程。在这个过程中，产品设计方案是产品创新的一个重要成果，其质 量的高低直接反映出其满足产品设计任务需求的程度。对产品概念设计方案的综 合评价，能够帮助互联网众包平台和众包任务发包方从众多的设计方案中优选出 合适的方案，有助于企业快速高效地设计出符合用户需求的产品以开展产品创新， 也可以缩短产品开发周期，提高产品开发效率。然而，众包研发环境下用户提交 的产品概念设计方案是一种定制的知识创意型虚拟产品，不仅其价值的测度和评 价缺乏严谨客观的衡量标准，而且不同的产品设计方案其表达形式和蕴涵的设计 信息具有多源、多粒度等特点，这就进一步加大了产品概念设计方案综合评价的 复杂性和不确定性。 本文在研究中考虑非实物的知识所具有的隐性、异质性和价值性等特点，首 先从用户需求出发，构建用户需求、产品的功能特征或服务特征到产品设计要素 的映射关系和匹配模型；在此基础上，研究确定产品概念设计方案质量评估的关 键指标及指标权重的方法，构建基于任务需求匹配的产品设计方案质量综合评估 模型，并研究不确定环境下面向多表达和多粒度设计方案的多源评价信息综合集 成方法。主要研究内容如下： （1）总结分析了众包模式下用户参与的产品概念设计的过程特征、用户特 征和任务特征以及产品概念设计方案综合评价的复杂性，研究构建了面向用户需 求的产品概念设计层次化结构模型、基于产品概念设计方案匹配模型和基于公理 化设计理论的用户需求与产品概念设计方案关联模型，对产品概念设计方案综合 评价问题进行抽象化描述。 （2）基于DEMATEL方法、KANO模型和ER理论方法，构建了面向众包 研发的产品概念设计方案综合评价模型，详细阐述了该模型的主要内容包括基于 DEMATEL方法的产品概念设计方案评价指标权重的初始确定，基于KANO模 型的产品概念设计方案评价指标权重的调整，以及基于ER的产品概念设计方案 评价信息的综合集成。 （3）结合富士通公司在DesignBoom众包平台发起的关于未来PC电脑设 计的众包任务为例开展案例分析，运用本文构建的综合评价模型，对接包方提交 的108个方案中筛选出来的10个方案进行综合评价与排序，并开展对比分析， 结果显示，本文构建面向众包研发的产品概念设计方案综合评价模型具有一定的 可靠性。 关键词：众包，产品开发，概念设计，综合评价，证据推理 III ABSTRACT Productconceptualdesignundercrowdsourcingenvironmentisacomplexand dynamicprocessinvolvingsocialcollaborativecreationandopeninnovation.Inthis process,productdesignisanimportantresultofproductinnovation,anditsquality directlyreflectsthedegreetowhichitmeetstherequirementsofproductdesigntasks. ComprehensiveevaluationofproductconceptualdesigncanhelpownersofInternet crowdsourcingplatformsandtaskissuerstoselectsuitableschemesfromnumerous designschemes,whichishelpfulforenterprisestodesignproductsthatmeetuser needsquicklyandefficiently.Besides,itcanalsoshortenproductdevelopmentcycles andimproveproductdevelopmentefficiency.However,theproductconceptdesign schemessubmittedbyusersincrowdsourcingenvironmentisacustomized knowledgecreativevirtualone.Notonlydoesitsvaluemeasurementandevaluation lackrigorousandobjectivemeasurementstandards,butalsotheexpressionformsand designinformationcontainedindifferentproductdesignschemeshavethe characteristicsofmulti-sourceandmulti-granularity,whichfurtherincreasesthe complexityanduncertaintyforcomprehensiveevaluationofproductconceptdesign schemes. Thispaperconsidersthehidden,heterogeneousandvaluablecharacteristicsof non-physicalknowledge.Firstofall,itconstructsthemappingrelationshipand matchingmodelofuserneeds,productfunctionalfeaturesorservicefeaturesto productdesignelementsfromtheperspectiveofuserdemand.Onthisbasis,ithas studiedmethodstodeterminethekeyindicatorsandindicatorweightsforthequality assessmentofproductconceptualdesignschemes,constructingacomprehensive evaluationmodelofproductdesignqualitybasedonthematchingrulesbetweenthe tasksandtheuserrequirements,andithasalsostudiedthecomprehensiveintegration methodofmulti-sourceevaluationinformationformulti-expressionand multi-granularitydesignschemesinuncertainenvironments.Themainresearch contentsareasfollows: Firstly,thispaperhasanalyzedandthensummarizedthecharacteristicsofuser participationprocess,participatingusersandtaskswhenundertakingproduct conceptualdesignincrowdsourcingmode,anditalsohasconstructedahierarchical structuremodelofproductconceptualdesignorientedtouserneeds,amatching modelbasedonthematchingdegreebetweenproductconceptualdesignschemeand IV userdemandandacorrelationmodelconcerningproductconceptualdesignscheme withuserdemandbasedonaxiomaticdesigntheory.Then,aabstractdescriptionof comprehensiveevaluationofproductconceptualdesignschemesisgiven. Secondly,basedontheDEMATELmethod,KANOmodelandERtheory,a comprehensiveevaluationmodelofproductconceptdesignschemesin crowdsourcingenvironmenthasbeenconstructed,andthemaincontentsofthemodel havebeenelaboratedindetail,includingtheinitialdeterminationoftheindexweights basedonDEMATELmethod,theadjustmentofindexweightsbasedonKANOmodel, andthecomprehensiveintegrationofevaluationinformationaboutproduct conceptualdesignschemesbasedonERtheory. Finally,thispaperhascarriedoutacaseanalysisbasedontheexamplesaboutthe crowdsourcingtaskinitiatedbyFujitsuontheDesignBoomcrowdsourcingplatform forfuturePCcomputerdesignpurpose.Usingthecomprehensiveevaluationmodel constructedinthispaper,ithasperformedacomprehensiveevaluationandrankingof the10designalternativesselectedfromthe108onessubmittedbythetaskreceivers, anditalsohasconductedacomparativeanalysisforthechosen10designalternatives. Theresultsshowthatthereexistscertainreliabilityinthecomprehensiveevaluation modelofproductconceptualdesignschemeincrowdsourcingenvironment constructedinthispaper. KEYWORDS:crowdsourcing;productdevelopment;conceptdesign;comprehensive evaluation;evidencereasoning V 目录 第一章绪论................................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景..........................................................................................................1 1.2问题提出..........................................................................................................4 1.3研究意义..........................................................................................................5 1.4国内外研究综述..............................................................................................5 1.4.1产品设计与创新模式研究....................................................................5 1.4.2产品概念设计方案评价指标体系研究................................................6 1.4.3产品概念设计方案评价模型与方法研究............................................7 1.5研究内容与结构安排......................................................................................8 1.5.1研究内容................................................................................................8 1.5.2结构安排................................................................................................8 第二章众包研发环境下产品概念设计方案综合评价问题分析.........................10 2.1相关理论基础................................................................................................10 2.1.1结构化产品开发..................................................................................10 2.1.2系统工程V模型.................................................................................12 2.1.3公理化设计理论..................................................................................13 2.2众包模式下用户参与产品设计的主要特征分析........................................14 2.2.1过程特征分析......................................................................................15 2.2.2用户特征分析......................................................................................15 2.2.3任务特征分析......................................................................................16 2.3众包研发环境下面向用户需求的产品概念方案设计................................16 2.3.1面向用户需求的产品概念设计层次化结构模型..............................17 2.3.2基于产品概念设计方案的用户需求匹配模型..................................17 2.3.3基于公理化设计理论的用户需求和产品概念设计方案关联模型..18 2.4众包研发环境下产品概念设计方案综合评价问题描述............................19 2.5本章小结......................