长期以来，中小企业作为国家经济发展中非常重要的一部分，已经成为拉动尖端 科技创新、解决就业问题、带动国家和地区经济发展不可或缺的力量。截止 2018 年 底，中国中小企业的数量已经超过了 3000 万家，个体工商户数量超过 7000 万户，贡 献了全国 50%以上的税收，60%以上的 GDP，70%以上的技术创新成果和 80%以上的劳 动力就业。我国中小企业的注册数量占我国企业总数量的百分之九十左右。 从以上数据可以看出，中小企业在国民经济中所占的比重越来越大, 已经逐渐成 为了经济发展的主要力量，可以说中小企业的发展已经成为我国经济发展十分重要的 一部分，为国家的稳定繁荣贡献了巨大力量。对应着银行小企业贷款业务的发展速度 也越来越快。业务的快速发展，要求商业银行不断加强对中小企业风险控制能力和管 理水平。近几年频繁出现的银行被企业骗贷和中小企业批量倒闭，影响银行债权行使 的新闻，无不体现着当前经济环境下，商业银行中小企业风险控制和管理能力的薄弱。 随着我国各大企业所具备的直接融资能力不断提高，银行想要不断寻求增长，就需要 不断创新业务范围，推陈出新。因此全面发展中小企业信贷，降低中小企业信贷风险， 无论是对于商业银行、企业，还是国家而言都有着非常重要的意义。 中小企业在发展过程中拥有很多优势，一是其在前期创业阶段成本较小，对于资 金的需求也并不像大企业那样迫切；二是因为中小企业与大企业相比规模较小，相应 的所需企业资本不多，更具有冒险精神。同时，中小企业在发展过程中也存在着短板， 主要是由于我国市场经济不断发展，竞争压力变大，特别是近年来各行各业都出现经 济不景气情况，因此中小企业在经营过程中会面临较大的经济压力，甚至出现倒闭危 机，这就给商业银行带来了更多的考验。徽商银行经过多年的发展，成为安徽省中小 企业融资服务的支柱力量。在本文中主要是以徽商银行 A 分行为主要的探究对象，希 望能够找到徽商银行 A 分行在风险管理体系中所面临的问题，并且提出对应的改进建 议，为该行小企业贷款业务的发展顺利舔砖加瓦。 在本文中主要先对中小企业在发展过程中所实施的信贷风险管理理论与主要文 献信息做出梳理，随后结合实际情况对 A 分行的现存问题进行深入分析，最终从风险 管理理念、贷前调查等多个方面进行深入探讨，希望能够对银行小企业融资业务的风 险管理进行优化给予帮助，与此同时，也希望在本文的探讨下能为其他商业银行的中 小企业风险管理的发展提供借鉴，以此可以使得商业银行中小企业贷款风险管理进行 优化，最终具备现实意义。 关键词：信贷风险；管理方法；企业融资；中小企业徽商银行 A 分行中小企业贷款风险管理优化研究 V ABSTRACT For a long time, small and medium-sized enterprises, as a very important part of national economic development, have become an indispensable force driving cutting-edge scientific and technological innovation, solving employment problems, and driving national and regional economic development. By the end of 2018, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises in China had exceeded 30 million and the number of individual businesses had exceeded 70 million, contributing over 50 percent of the country's tax revenue, over 60 percent of its GDP, over 70 percent of its technological innovations and over 80 percent of its workforce employment. The registered number of small and medium-sized enterprises accounts for about 90 percent of the total number of enterprises in China. It can be seen from the above data that small and medium-sized enterprises account for an increasing proportion in the national economy and have gradually become the main force of economic development. It can be said that the development of small and medium-sized enterprises has become a very important part of China's economic development, contributing a huge force to the stability and prosperity of the country. The corresponding bank small business loan business development speed is also getting faster and faster. The rapid development of business requires commercial Banks to constantly strengthen the risk control ability and management level of small and medium-sized enterprises. In recent years, the frequent occurrence of Banks being cheated by enterprises for loans and the mass bankruptcy of small and medium-sized enterprises, affecting the exercise of Banks' creditor's rights, all reflect the current economic environment, commercial Banks small and medium-sized enterprises risk control and management ability is weak. With the continuous improvement of the direct financing ability of China's large enterprises, Banks need to constantly innovate their business scope and bring forth new ideas if they want to keep seeking growth. Therefore, it is of great significance for commercial Banks, enterprises and the country to comprehensively develop smes' credit and reduce smes' credit risks. Small and medium-sized enterprises have many advantages in the process of development. First, their cost in the early stage of entrepreneurship is small, and their need for capital is not as urgent as that of large enterprises. Second, compared with large enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises have a smaller scale, so they need lessABSTRACT VI capital and have a more adventurous spirit. At the same time, also exist in the development process of small and medium-sized enterprises board, is mainly due to the constant development of market economy in China, the pressure of competition, particularly in recent years in all walks of life are an economic slump, so in the process of small and medium-sized enterprises in the business, will face bigger economic pressure, appear even the collapse of the crisis, it will give the test of commercial Banks has brought more. After years of development, Huishang Bank has become the pillar force of financing service for small and medium-sized enterprises in Anhui Province. This paper is mainly aimed at the exploration of A Branch of Huishang Bank, hoping to find out the problems that A Branch of Huishang Bank faces in the risk management system, and put forward corresponding improvement Suggestions, so as to smooth the development of the small business loan business of the bank. First in this article is mainly for small and medium-sized enterprises in the development process of the implement of credit risk management theory and the main literature information to make Acomb, then combined with the actual situation ofA branch, analyzing the existing problems in the end from the idea of risk management, credit investigation, in-depth studies are many ways, such as Banks to small business financing business risk management is optimized to help, at the same time, also hope that in this article to discuss for other commercial Banks of small and medium-sized enterprises to provide reference for the development of risk management, which can make the small and medium-sized enterprise loan risk of commercial bank management is optimized, finally has the practical significance. KEYWORDS: credit risk; management method; enterprise financing; small and medium-sized enterprises徽商银行 A 分行中小企业贷款风险管理优化研究 VII 目 录 第一章 绪论.......1 第一节 中小企业贷款风险研究背景及意义....1 一、研究背景.............1 二、研究意义.............2 第二节 国内外研究综述.....3 一、国外研究现状.....3 二、国内研究现状.....4 第三节 研究的思路与方法.4 一、研究思路.............4 二、研究方法.............5 三、研究内容.............5 第四节 创新方面....6 第二章 中小企业信贷风险控制基本概念界定及相关理论概述...............7 第一节 基本概念界定.........7 第二节 中小企业贷款业务遵循的原则及特点7 第三节 中小企业贷款业务风险分类................7 第四节 中小企业信贷业务风险的表现形式与特征.......................7 一、中小企业信贷风险表现形式............9 二、中小企业信贷业务风险特征..........10 第五节 中小企业信贷风险管理的相关理论概述.........................11 一、资产负债综合管控理论..................11 二、信息不对称理论..............................12 三、信贷配给理论...13 四、内部控制与审计理论......................13 第三章 中小企业信贷风险控制情况分析——以徽商银行 A 分行为例15 第一节 徽商银行 A 分行总体概况..................15目 录 VIII 第二节 徽商银行 A 分行中小企业信贷业务发展情况.................15 一、徽商银行行内整体框架..................15 二、徽商银行 A 分行主要中小企业信贷产品介绍.............17 三、徽商银行 A 分行的信贷风控管理系统及概况.............16 第三节 徽商银行 A 分行中小企业信贷风险的管控措施及担保种类........................18 一、目前实行的中小企业信贷风险管控措施.....................18 二、中小企业信贷业务担保种类..........18 第四章 徽商银行 A 分行中小企业信贷风险控制面临的问题.................20 第一节 风险管理理念与组织结构问题..........20 一、落后的风险管理理念......................20 二、复杂的风险管理体系......................20 第二节 信贷政策存在问题..............................21 一、行业出现一刀切的准入原则..........21 二、过高的规模准入门槛......................21 三、信贷风险集中程度过高且重于形式.............................21 第三节 信贷审查工作未能落实到位..............22 一、贷前调查未能落实到位..................22 二、贷中审查未能落实到位..................22 三、贷后管理未能落实到位..................23 第五章 完善徽商银行中小企业贷款业务风险控制的措施.....................25 第一节 风险管理理念优化..............................25 一、培育优秀信贷风控文化..................25 二、提高从业人员职业素养..................25 第二节 优化贷前调查体系..............................26 一、批量营销产业集群客户..................26 二、规范贷前调查方式..........................27 三、贷前各项检查流程..........................28 第三节 优化贷中审查体系..............................28 一、完善授权管理制度..........................28 二、采用差异化授权模式......................29徽商银行 A 分行中小企业贷款风险管理优化研究 IX 三、采用组合授权方法..........................29 第四节 优化贷后风险监控体系与信用评价体系.........................30 一、完善风险预警体系..........................30 二、优化信贷资产减值测试模型..........30 第五节 大数据信息应用...31 一、与第三方共同合作..........................31 二、整合政府部门有效信息..................31 第六章 结论与展望........................33 第一节 结论.......................33 第二节 展望.......................33。。。。。。以下内容略