现阶段，我国拥有大量的中小型企业的自身发展需要融资,并且很难通过资本市场融 资,这样企业的融资远远不能满足其自身需求的发展。本文首先从普遍性的角度，较为详 细地介绍和阐述了中小企业融资的现状、问题及其成因、解决融资难题的对策等。通过 研究发现，中小企业融资困难的主要原因是企业自身的问题、金融机构的监管制度和公 共财政政策等。融资困难还受到中小企业自身经营风险高、盈利能力低、固定资产薄弱、 抵押贷款不足、信誉差等方面的影响。在此基础上，论文在以JS公司为例，详细阐述 了该公司的基本情况、融资现状、问题及其产生的原因，对其面临的融资困难问题进行 深入分析，在此基础上，论文提出了改善JS公司融资难问题的内外部对策。研究发现， 目前JS公司融资难主要存在的问题是经营风险高、融资渠道窄和融资方式单一、融资 成本高、抵押物不足。而产生这些问题的原因：一方面是JS公司的自身缺陷，包括管 理水平低下、财务制度不够完善、没有一定的创新能力等等；还有一方面是来自于外部 的因素，国内的金融体系不够完善，包括中小企业缺乏必要的政策支持。因此，企业当 务之急就是要有效解决企业融资难问题。在本文研究中主要采用了文献资料整理分析法 和个案研究法，针对JS公司融资难问题进行探讨，在充分了解JS公司的基础之上，对 企业融资现状进行分析，通过分析找出其融资存在的问题，进而分析融资难的原因，同 时也为其他企业提供借鉴。 关键词:中小企业；融资；困难；对策 II STUDYONCOUNTERMEASURESTOFINANCING DIFFICULTIESOFJS ABSTRACT Atpresent,Chinahasalargenumberofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesneed financingfortheirowndevelopment,anditisdifficulttoraisefundsthroughthecapital market,sothefinancingofenterprisesisfarfrommeetingtheirownneeds.Thispaperfirst introducesandexpoundsindetailthecurrentsituation,problemsandtheircausesoffinancing ofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesandthecountermeasurestosolvethefinancing problemsfromtheperspectiveofuniversality.Throughtheresearch,itisfoundthatthemain reasonsforthefinancingdifficultiesofsmesaretheproblemsofenterprisesthemselves,the supervisionsystemoffinancialinstitutionsandpublicfinancialpolicies.Financingdifficulties arealsoaffectedbysmes'highoperatingrisk,lowprofitability,weakfixedassets,insufficient mortgageloansandpoorreputation.Onthisbasis,thepapertakesJScompanyasanexample toelaborateonthebasicsituation,financingstatus,problemsandtheircauses,andconduct in-depthanalysisofthefinancingdifficultiesitfaces.Onthisbasis,thepaperproposes internalandexternalcountermeasurestoimprovethefinancingdifficultiesofJS company.ThestudyfoundthatthemainproblemsofJScompany'sfinancingdifficultiesat presentarehighoperatingrisk,narrowfinancingchannels,singlefinancingmethods,high financingcostandinsufficientcollateral.Thereasonsfortheseproblems:ontheonehand,JS company'sowndefects,includinglowmanagementlevel,imperfectfinancialsystem,lackof innovationability,etc.;Ontheotherhand,thereareexternalfactors.Thedomesticfinancial systemisnotperfect,includingthelackofnecessarypolicysupportforsmes.Therefore,the urgenttaskforenterprisesistoeffectivelysolvethefinancingproblem.Inthestudyofthis papermainlyadoptstheliteratureanalysisandcasestudymethod,inviewoftheJScompany financingdifficultproblemisdiscussed,onthebasisoffullyunderstandtheJScompany,to theenterprisefinancingpresentsituationanalysis,throughtheanalysistofindtheproblemsof financing,andthenanalysesthereasonoffinancingdifficulties,butalsoprovidereferencefor otherenterprises. III Keywords：Smallandmedium-sizedenterprises(smes);financing;difficulty; countermeasures IV 目录 摘要...................................................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................................................II 第一章绪论....................................................................................................................................................1 1.1研究的目的及意义............................................................................................................................1 1.1.1研究的目的..............................................................................................................................1 1.1.2研究的意义..............................................................................................................................1 1.2国内外研究现状.................................................................................................................................1 1.2.1国外研究现状..........................................................................................................................1 1.2.2国内研究现状.........................................................................................................................3 1.2.3融资理论..................................................................................................................................4 1.3中小企业概念及特征........................................................................................................................5 1.3.1中小企业概念.........................................................................................................................5 1.3.2中小企业的特征.....................................................................................................................6 1.4本文研究思路与方法.........................................................................................................................9 1.4.1研究思路...................................................................................................................................9 1.4.2研究方法...................................................................................................................................9 第二章中小企业融资难的特点、原因.......................................................................................................10 2.1中小企业融资难特点.......................................................................................................................10 2.1.1抵押担保落实难...................................................................................................................10 2.1.2融资方式单一.......................................................................................................................10 2.1.3融资渠道狭窄.......................................................................................................................10 2.1.4信息不对称加剧融资难度...................................................................................................11 2.2中小企业融资难内部原因..............................................................................................................11 2.2.1较高的融资成本....................................................................................................................11 2.2.2自有资金累计较少...............................................................................................................12 2.2.3融资目标不明确...................................................................................................................12 2.2.4融资渠道过于单一...............................................................................................................13 2.3中小企业融资难外部原因..............................................................................................................13 2.3.1国内融资渠道制约...............................................................................................................14 2.3.2国家政策鼓励较缺乏.......................................................................................................14 第三章JS公司融资案例分析.......................................................................................................................15 3.1、JS公司概况..................................................................................................................................15 3.1.1、JS公司财务情况........................................................................................................