库存管理对企业来说是至关重要的。因为库存的种类和库存的数量往往决定 着企业的竞争力。长期以来，库存问题一直困扰着诸多企业，尤其是飞速 发展的 中小企业。面对日益增长的客户和销售机遇，合理控制库存、合理配备库存，一 直是各个企业在寻求的答案。 库存是一种有价资源，储备库存是为了满足客户未来需求而 暂时存储的资源。 库存过多，我们会面临现金流不足的问题，从而减少了企业利润；库存过少，当 客户需求激增的时候，我们又容易面临供应短缺，产生缺货成本上升的问题。 库 存不仅可以防止短缺，还可以缓解供需的矛盾，最终满足客户需求。如何平衡其 中利弊关系，在确保两者达到最佳配合的基础上，进而降低库存成本。这对企业 的生存与发展 至关重要。因此，进行有效的库存管理已经成为各个企业的一个重 要的课题。 中国航空市场的发展越来越好，中国民航市场已经成为全球航空业的中坚力 量。在过去数十年，中 国民航市场是唯一保持两位数年均增速的地区。2017 年 C919 在上海浦东机场圆满首飞，ARJ21 计划在 2020 年底完成 100 架的生产。中 国航空业已成为世界航空业中迅速升起 的新星。 W 航空零件公司作为全球最大航空零件分销商，其主营业务之一即是向全 球客户提供航空零部件。由于航空零件的普遍生产交货期在 30 周左右，W 航空 零件公司必须 配备相当数量的库存。库存数量越大，缺货的风险越小，但与此同 时呆滞库存的也风险越大。考虑到企业现金流的问题，合理控制库存已然成为 W 航空零件公司的核心问题之一 。本论文结合目前航空业的大环境，首先分析了国 内外的库存管理的研究现状，针对 W 中国公司在库存管理过程中遇到的问题逐 一分析研究。先将客户需求预测数据进行分析， 通过移动平均法和指数平滑法， 分析客户历史销售数据，运用预测评价指标，得出使用移动平均法来分析客户需 求的准确性更加高。进而将移动平均法结合使用层次分析法和 ABC 分类法，在II 层次分析法的准则层中设置了四个标准，即交货期、物料通用性、年销售数量和 产品价格，得出综合评价值，对库存进行更有效的 ABC 分类。 同时本论文对 不同分类的物料，结合 W 公司现状，给出较为适合的库存控 制策略。灵活运用连续盘点法、MIN & MAX 拉动式库存管理法、经济订购批量 模型(EOQ)、安全库存模型和定期订购 模型，分别对于 A 类、B 类和 C 类物料 进行科学的库存管理优化。 最后，本论文除了从技术层面上提出对库存管理之外，并提出需要调动整个 公司对库存管理的认识和重视。 强调库存管理是依靠全部相关方的参与和共同努 力。与此同时，本论文还补充了对呆滞库存的处理方式。 本论文主要通过研究 W 航空零件中国公司库存管理优化策略，进而从中 总 结出库存管理优化的方法，以推广到全球 W 公司仓库，进行整体库存管理优化。 同时也希望给其他企业管理者，在进行库存管理时，提供一些有价值的决策依据， 供有类似 问题的企业参考。 关键词：航空零件；库存控制；移动平均法；ABC 分类法；层次分 析法III STUDY ON INVENTORYCONTROL IMPROVEMENT FOR WAIRCRAFT CHINACOMPANY ABSTRACT Inventory is very important for most of enterprises. Because the type and quantity of inventory will affect competitiveness of enterprises. For quite a long time, inventory has been a problem of many enterprises, especially the rapid development of small and medium-sized enterprises. With a growing number of customers and sales opportunities, how to control inventory reasonably has been the answer that enterprises are searching for. Inventory is a kind of resources with price, and reservation of inventory is a kind of valuable resources temporarily stored to meet the future needs of customers. If we have too sufficient inventory, we will face the problem of low cash flow, which reduces the profits of the enterprise; if we have low level of inventory, when the demand of customers increases sharply, we will easily face the risk of shortage, and it will cause the increase of shortage cost. The inventory can not only prevent us from shortage, but also alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand, and finally meet the needs of customers. So the main topic of the enterprises is how to balance the advantages and disadvantages between supply and demand, it will help to reduce the inventory cost. This is very important for the survival and development of enterprises. Therefore, the effective inventory management has become an important part for every enterprise. The development of China's Aviation Market is getting better and better, its position in the world is growing, and is playing an important role of global aviation industry. China's civil aviation market has become a high-speed growth region as theIV backbone of the global aviation industry. In the past decades, China's civil aviation market is the only region that maintains double-digit annual growth. In 2017, C919 made its first successful flight in Shanghai Pudong airport. ARJ21 plans to complete the production of 100 shipsets by the end of 2020. China's aviation industry has become a rising star in the world's aviation industry. As the largest aircraft components distributor in the world, main business of W Aircraft is to provide aircraft components to worldwide customers. Since the general lead time of aircraft components is about 30 weeks, WAircraft have to invest a considerable amount of inventory. The larger the number of inventory, the less the risk of shortage, and the greater risk of Dead Inventory accordingly. Considering the problem of cash flow, the reasonable control of inventory has become one of the core things of WAircraft. Considering the current environment of the aviation industry, this paper starts with analyzing the status of inventory control at home and abroad. Aiming at the problems encountered by aircraft enterprises and WAircraft China in the process of inventory management, it begins with analyzing the customer demand forecast data as well as the historical sales data through MovingAverage Method and Exponential Smoothing Method, and it proves that using moving average method is more accurate when analyzing forecast. With the help ofAHP and ABC classification, four standards are set up in the criteria layer, namely lead time, classification of common or unique parts, annual sales quantity and unit price, it helpsABC classification of inventory to be more effective. Considering the current situation of WAircraft and various kinds of inventory, the more suitable inventory control strategy and the supplementary strategy of inventory management are given. Use flexible of inventory methods, such as min & Max, EOQ, safety inventory model and periodic inventory model, and respectively for class A, class B and class C materials for inventory management optimization. Finally, in addition to the technical aspects of inventory management, this paper also points out that it is necessary to ensure the whole company's understanding and pay attention to inventory management, emphasizing that inventory management relies on the participation and joint efforts from all relevant parties. In addition, theV method of dealing with dead stock is added. This paper mainly indicates that the inventory management can be optimized by studying the inventory management optimization strategy of WAircraft (China), so as to learn from the successful experience of inventory management optimization and extend it to the warehouse of WAircraft in the world to optimize the overall inventory management.At the same time, it also provides some valuable decision-making basis for other enterprise managers in inventory management, for the reference of enterprises with similar problems. Li Xiaojuan (MBA) Supervised by Wang Wenjie KEYWORDS: Aircraft Components, Inventory Control, MovingAverage Method, ABC Classification Method, AHP目录 摘要I ABSTRACT......................III 第一章 绪论..................1 1.1. 研究的背景和意义...........................1 1.1.1. 研究的背景.1 1.1.2. 研究的意义.2 1.2. 国内外库存管理研究的现状...........3 1.2.1. 世界库存管理研究现状............3 1.2.2. 国内库存管理研究现状............3 1.3. 研究对象和内容4 1.4. 本论文 的创新点4 1.5. 论文的组织结构及内容...................4 第二章 库存管理相关理论综述.................6 2.1. 需求预测理论....6 2.1.1. 需求预测的不确定 性................7 2.1.2. 需求预测的方法........................8 2.1.3. 预测准确度..............................1