目前，C 64K 型铁路货车的检修周期为，段修间隔 1.5 年，厂修间隔 9 年。依 靠长期从事货车检修工作人员的经验积累、专家判断，确定了 C 64K 型铁路货车现 行检修周期。国内外虽然开展了一些车辆及车辆配件的可靠性研究、检修制度研 究和检修周期研究，但没有对 C 64K 型铁路货车检修周期开展系统科学研究。本文 通过对 C 64K 型铁路货车段修时发现的大量车辆故障进行统计分析，运用可靠性、 安全性理论，对其检修周期设置进行讨论、研究，判断检修周期设置是否合理。 分析延长检修周期对车辆可靠性和安全性的影响，从而论证延长其检修周期的可 行性，判断货车安全防范系统的可信性。提出延长检修周期，须强化的质量控制、 工艺改进措施，需建立的配套制度。延长 C 64K 型铁路货车检修周期，可以减少货 车寿命周期费用、提高运输效率，因此开展此项研究有着极其重要的意义。可借 鉴此法开展各类铁路货车的检修周期研究，特别是对开展延长 70T、80T 级新型 铁路货车检修周期具有可参考性，这样可以使铁路货车既有高的可靠性又有好的 经济性。 关键词，铁路货车 检修周期 延长II Abstract At present, the repair cycle of freight wagon type C 64K is 1.5 years for depot repair and 9 years for shop repair. These cycles are determined according to the experience and expert judgment of the staffs who had engaged in freight wagon repair work long time. Although some domestic and foreign researches have been carried out on the reliability, repair interval and repair system of wagon and spare parts, but none of these researches is specific on the repair interval of type C 64K . In this paper, based on the statistical analysis of faults found in depot repair of freight wagon type C 64K , applying reliability and safety theory, its repair cycle setting has been discussed and researched on, and the rationality of its setting has been estimated. Through the analysis of the effect on the reliability and safety of the vehicle to extend the maintenance cycle, demonstrated the possibility to extend repair cycle and estimated the credibility of the wagon’s safety and protection system. Specific proposal are given to extend repair cycle such as strengthening quality control, improvement approach for process and supporting system. It is very important to do research on how to extend the repair cycle of the wagon type C 64K , because it can reduce the life cycle cost of the wagon and improve the efficiency of rail transportation. The method used in this paper can be referenced to all kinds of freight wagon’s repair cycle estimation, especially useful to the new type 70T, 80T level freight wagon. The freight wagon could have both high reliability and economical efficiency using method mentioned in this paper. Key words: railway wagon repair cycle extensionIII 目录 摘要................................................................I Abstract...........................................................II 目录..............................................................III 1 绪论.............................................................1 1.1 机车车辆 RAMS 研究现状 .................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 国外机车车辆 RAMS 研究现状................................................................... 1 1.1.2 国内机车车辆 RAMS 研究现状................................................................... 2 1.2 C 64K 型货车简介 ................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 C 64K 型货车概况............................................................................................ 3 1.2.2 C 64K 型货车基本结构.................................................................................... 3 1.2.3 C64K 型货车主要性能与参数.................................................................... 4 1.3 C 64K 型货车检修周期 ........................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 我国铁路货车检修制度............................................................................. 5 1.3.2 检修制度存在不足..................................................................................... 5 1.3.3 C 64K 型货车检修周期研究现状.................................................................... 6 本章小结....................................................................................................................... 6 2 故障统计与分析...................................................7 2.1 铁路货车故障 ...................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 故障定义..................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 故障等级..................................................................................................... 7 2.2 C 64K 型货车故障分类 ........................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 车体故障分类............................................................................................. 9 2.2.2 车钩缓冲装置故障分类........................................................................... 10 2.2.3 转向架故障分类....................................................................................... 11 2.2.4 轮轴故障分类........................................................................................... 13 2.2.5 制动装置故障分类................................................................................... 13 2.3 故障统计分析 .................................................................................................... 14IV 2.3.1 主要故障概率等级................................................................................... 14 2.3.2 部分故障详情 ............................................................................................... 20 2.3.3 典型故障概率等级 ..................................................................................... 25 本章小结..................................................................................................................... 28 3 延长检修周期可行性分析..........................................30 3.1 可靠性试验 .......................................................................................................... 30 3.2 安全保障技术 ...................................................................................................... 33 3.2.1 TFDS 保障安全能力.................................................................................. 33 3.2.2 TPDS 保障安全能力.................................................................................. 34 3.2.3 TADS 保障安全能力.................................................................................. 35 3.2.4 THDS 保障安全能力.................................................................................. 36 3.3 可靠性分析 .......................................................................................................... 37 3.3.1 区间估计................................................................................................... 37 3.3.2 置信区间计算........................................................................................... 37 3.3.3 典型故障率置信区间................................................................................. 39 3.3.4 典型故障可靠性分析............................................................................... 40 本章小结..................................................................................................................... 43 4 结尾.............................................................45 4.1 减少故障的对策 ................................................................................................ 45 4.1.1 减少车体故障对策................................................................................... 45 4.1.2 减少车钩故障对策................................................................................... 45 4.1.3 减少转向架故障对策............................................................................... 46 4.1.4 减少轮对故障对策................................................................................... 46 4.1.5 减少制动故障对策................................................................................... 46 4.2 延长检修周期的配套制度 ................................................................................ 46 4.2.1 建立弹性扣修制度................................................................................... 46 4.2.2 建立按日扣修制度................................................................................... 47 4.2.3 建立软管寿命管理制度........................................................................... 47 4.2.4 建立保证期匹配检查制度....................................................................... 48 4.3 结论 .................................................................................................................... 48V 4.4 存在不足 ............................................................................................................ 48 4.5 展望 .................................................................................................................... 48 本章小结..................................................................................................................... 49