根据国家环保文件《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》(GB13223-2011)限值要求及《广 东省排污许可证管理办法》规定，燃煤电厂必须按文件要求达标排放，其中珠三角属重 点地区，应执行更严格的重点地区标准，否则将吊销排污许可证，电厂必须停产。A 燃 煤电厂目前#3、#4 机组烟气中的烟尘污染物排放无法达到此要求，尤其是汞及其化合物， 是新增监测标准，现有设备验证以去除。A 电厂必须对此进行研究，进行环保设备进行 升级或改造以满足环保政策要求。同时，为保证环保改造具有一定的前瞻性，A 燃煤电 厂拟提前实现烟气污染物“近零排放”。实现“近零排放”，使烟尘、二氧化硫、氮氧化 物排放浓度达到或低于燃气轮机组的现行排放限值。 为此，对 A 电厂环保改造项目进行可行性研究，通过理论研究与实际相结合、文件 查阅、现场摸底评估等方法，对 A 燃煤电厂煤种特性，锅炉系统电除尘器和脱硫系统运 行现状进行评估，得出应该新增除尘器的结论，并通过对各改造技术的技术可行性分析、 经济可行性分析、实施可行性分析等方面进行论证。最终得出通过新增湿式电除尘器是 一个最优方案，该方案可以解决电厂以下主要问题，大气污染物烟尘排放问题；去除亚 微米级烟尘(PM2.5)排放物；解决脱硫系统 GGH 堵塞问题；重金属脱除问题。 通过项目实施，A 电厂烟囱排放能达到更低的排放浓度，实现烟气“近零排放”目 标。能为企业带来良好的环境效益和社会效益。 关键词，湿式电除尘器；环保；改造项目；超低排放；可行性研究II ABSTRACT According to the national environmental protection file, the thermal power plant air pollutant emission standards (GB13223-2011) limit requirements and the Guangdong province sewage permit management approach, coal-fired power plants must be in accordance with the requirements of the document, which is the key areas of the Pearl River Delta region should be strictly more stringent standards, otherwise it will be suspended sewage. A coal power plant at present, #4, #3 unit flue gas emissions can not meet this requirement, especially mercury and its compounds, is the new monitoring standards, the existing equipment verification to remove. A power plant must carry out research, carry out environmental protection equipment to upgrade or reform to meet the requirements of environmental protection policy. At the same time, in order to ensure the protection of environmental protection has a certain forward-looking, A coal fired power plant to advance the implementation of flue gas pollutants near zero emissions. To achieve near zero emissions, so that soot, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide emissions concentrations reached or below the current emission limits of gas turbine. Therefore, for a power plant revamping projects of environmental protection were feasibility study, through theoretical research and actual unifies, access to documents, on-site diagnostic evaluation method, and the characteristics of coal power plant coal to a fuel, boiler system electric precipitator and desulphurization system operation status is evaluated, that should be added precipitator conclusion, and through the technical feasibility of the reconstruction technology analysis, economic feasibility analysis, implementation to demonstrate the feasibility of. The main problems of the new type of wet dust collector is the following main problems: the problem of air pollutant dust emissions, the removal of the sub micron dust (PM2.5), the removal of GGH and the removal of heavy metals. Through the implementation of the project, the A power plant chimney emission can achieve lower emissions, and realize the near zero emissions goal. Can bring good environmental benefits and social benefits for the enterprise. Key words，Wet electric dust collector; environmental protection; transformation project near zero emissions; feasibility;III 目 录 摘要................................................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................................ II 目 录..............................................................................................................................................................III 第一章 绪论.....................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景和意义............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 文献综述 ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 可行性研究简介.................................................................................................................................. 3 1.2.2 国外可行性研究的发展历史 .............................................................................................................. 3 1.2.3 国内可行性研究的发展历史 .............................................................................................................. 4 1.2.4 电除尘行业技术发展概况 ................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 研究方法和报告结构 .................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.1 研究方法.............................................................................................................................................. 8 1.3.2 研究内容与报告结构 .......................................................................................................................... 9 第二章 项目改造的必要性.............................................................................................................................12 2.1 电厂环保设备现状 ...................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.1 系统概况............................................................................................................................................ 12 2.1.2 机组负荷............................................................................................................................................ 14 2.1.3 燃料资料............................................................................................................................................ 14 2.1.4 地理和气象条件................................................................................................................................ 17 2.1.5 原电除尘器设计参数 ........................................................................................................................ 19 2.2 系统改造必要性.......................................................................................................................................... 20 2.2.1 大气污染物排放问题 ........................................................................................................................ 21 2.2.2 脱硫系统可靠性问题 ........................................................................................................................ 21 2.2.3 原干式电除尘器系统现状 ................................................................................................................ 22 2.2.4 除尘器存在问题................................................................................................................................ 23 2.2.5 改造必要性综述................................................................................................................................ 24 2.2.6 改造后的目标...................................................................................................................................... 24 2.3 小结 ............................................................................................................................................................ 24 第三章 项目技术可行性分析 .........................................................................................................................26 3.1 湿式电除尘器原理 ...................................................................................................................................... 26 3.2 湿式电除尘器的发展概况........................................................................................................................... 28 3.2.1 湿式电除尘器在国内外应用现状........................................................................................................ 28 3.2.2 湿式除尘新技术的研究情况 ............................................................................................................ 32 3.3 除尘效率影响因素 ...................................................................................................................................... 33 3.4 结构型式和布置方式 .................................................................................................................................. 33 3.5 湿式电除尘器的关键技术........................................................................................................................... 35 3.5.1 喷嘴和水膜形成技术 ........................................................................................................................ 36 3.5.2 结构防腐技术.................................................................................................................................... 36 3.6 湿式电除尘器污染物去除能力 ................................................................................................................... 37 3.6.1 对 PM2.5 和 SO 3 的去除 .................................................................................................................... 37 3.6.2 对石膏粉尘和重金属汞的去除 ........................................................................................................ 38 3.7 湿式电除尘器方案 ...................................................................................................................................... 38 3.7.1 场地布置方案.................................................................................................................................... 38 3.7.2 除尘器主要设计参数 ........................................................................................................................ 42 3.7.3 电气及控制部分................................................................................................................................ 45 3.7.4 设计烟气量说明................................................................................................................................ 48 3.7.5 工业用水说明.................................................................................................................................... 48IV 3.7.6 消耗 NaOH 说明 ................................................................................................................................ 48 3.7.7 壳体腐蚀和喷嘴寿命 ........................................................................................................................ 49 3.7.8 排放效果影响条件............................................................................................................................ 49 3.7.9 湿式除尘器对烟气温度影响 ............................................................................................................ 49 3.7.10 消防设计.......................................................................................................................................... 49 3.7.11 劳动安全与工业卫生 ...................................................................................................................... 50 3.8 湿式除尘器与其它除尘装置技术比较 .................................................................................................... 51 3.9 小结 ............................................................................................................................................................ 54 第四章 项目经济可行性分析 .........................................................................................................................55 4.1 工程规模 ..................................................................................................................................................... 55 4.2 概算编制依据 .............................................................................................................................................. 55 4.3 工程概算及投资计列范围........................................................................................................................... 56 4.4 投资概况 ..................................................................................................................................................... 57 4.5 经济评价 ..................................................................................................................................................... 65 4.6 湿式电除尘器、电袋复合除尘器、袋式除尘器经济性对比 ................................................................ 67 4.7 小结 ............................................................................................................................................................ 68 第五章 项目实施可行性分析 .........................................................................................................................70 5.1 项目实施 ..................................................................................................................................................... 70 5.2 工程招投标 ................................................................................................................................................. 70 5.3 工程效益 ..................................................................................................................................................... 71 5.4 小结 ............................................................................................................................................................ 72 结 论..............................................................................................................................................................73