近年来，随着我国市场经济的不断发展、证券资本市场的兴起，上市企业财务造假舞弊以及审 计失败情况不断被揭露，影响各利益相关者做出正确的筹资、投资等决策。企业的相关利益者会对 上市企业的财务报表产生不信任，进而影响上市企业自身的经营活动成果与相关的经营决策。上市 企业的财务信息使用者通过上市企业对外公布的财务报表了解其经营管理的财务状况，做出应有的 正确决策。因此，上市企业和企业的利益相关者都希望能通过独立的第三方的财务鉴证，提升上市 企业财务信息披露的质量。作为会计师事务所对上市企业的财务信息披露质量高低的一个鉴证，不 同的审计意见类型反映了上市企业的财务信息披露的水平。上市企业财务信息使用者能够依据会计 师事务所出具的审计意见类型，做出相应正确的经营管理决策，从而实现经营目标。较高质量的审 计意见能够提高上市企业披露企业财务会计信息的质量，缓解了上市企业财务信息使用者的信息不 完全性，降低了上市企业的经营管理成本，改善了其经营业绩与价值。然而，在我国目前的审计市 场中，会计师事务所进行审计业务时，收取的审计服务费用的水平偏离了基本市场中完全竞争的规 律，导致不良的审计收费情况不断发生，表明非正常审计收费的情况是存在的。我国证券监督管理 委员会规定，上市企业必须在年度财务报表中披露会计师事务所收取的审计收费金额。会计师事务 所对上市企业收取的审计费是否体现了应有的审计意见的水平为国内研究学者所密切关注。所以， 有关审计收费和审计意见的关系研究，具有很重要的意义。 而关于产品市场竞争作为企业外部治理机制的一种影响因素，能够改善企业的经营情况，但是， 现在有关产品市场竞争与审计方面的研究较少，且产品市场竞争对审计收费的多寡是否产生影响以 及影响的路径是什么，也是没有引起相关研究者的广泛关注。目前，国内外学者虽然对产品市场竞 争与审计相关问题已取得了一定的研究成果，但关于产品市场竞争与审计收费以及审计意见之间关 系的研究还比较匮乏。 为了探究会计师事务所对上市企业收取的审计收费与审计意见之间存在的相关性，分析产品市 场竞争对于两者关系产生的影响。首先，本文对产品市场竞争、审计收费以及审计意见等有关的背 景与意义进行了阐述，对现有的相关研究文献进行归纳总结。其次，依照有关的理论基础，本文构 建研究对象模型，进行 Logit 回归分析检验，得出研究结果。最后，本文依据理论基础和通过实证得 到的分析结果，给出未来相关领域研究的合理、有效建议。 本文通过选择 2007—2017 年沪深两市的 A 股上市企业为样本，首先分析审计收费对于审计意 见的影响，进一步对审计收费细分正常审计收费与异常审计收费进行 Logit 回归分析。同时，加入产 品市场竞争变量，展开进一步的分析。实证结果表明，审计收费与标准审计意见是呈显著负相关关 系；同样的，事务所收取的异常审计费用和标准无保留的审计意见也是成负向相关关系。同时，路 径研究表明，会计师事务所除考虑正常的审计成本外，会根据企业的盈余管理水平收取审计费用， 影响出具的审计意见类型，而根据委托代理理论等理论，产品市场竞争降低企业盈余管理水平，从 而降低了会计师事务所的审计风险，进而对审计收费与审计意见之间的关系产生调节性的负向相关 关系。 关键词，产品市场竞争； 审计收费；审计意见；II Abstract In recent years, with the continuous development of China's market economy and the rise of the securitiescapitalmarket,thefinancialfraudandauditingauditfailuresoflistedcompanieshavebeenexposed, which has affected various stakeholders to make correct financing and investment decisions. The relevant stakeholders of the enterprise will have no trust in the financial statements of the listed companies, which will affect the results of the listed companies' own business activities and related business decisions. The financial information users of listed companies understand the financial status of their operations and management through the financial statements published by listed companies and make the correct decisions they deserve. Therefore, the authenticity, reliability and timeliness of the financial reports disclosed by listed companies are very important. Therefore, stakeholders of listed companies and enterprises hope to improve the quality of financial information disclosure of listed companies through financial verification by independent third parties. As an accounting firm's assessment of the quality of financial information disclosure of listed companies, different types of audit opinions reflect the level of financial information disclosure of listed companies. The financial information users of listed enterprises can make corresponding correct management decisions according to the type of audit opinions issued by the accounting firm, and the listed enterprises can achieve their business objectives. Higher quality audit opinions can improve the quality of listed companies' financial accounting information, ease the incomplete information of listed financial information users, reduce the operating costs of listed companies, and improve their business performance and value. Generally speaking, the auditing unit conducts auditing of the financial statements of the audited entity and collects fair and reasonable audit fees. However, in the current audit market in China, when the accounting firm conducts auditing business, the level of auditing service fees collected deviates from the law of perfect competition in the basic market, resulting in the occurrence of bad audit fees, indicating abnormal audit fees. The situation is there. China's Securities Regulatory Commission stipulates that listed companies must disclose the amount of audit fees charged by accounting firms in their annual financial statements. Whether the audit fees collected by accounting firms on listed companies reflect the level of audit opinion they deserve is closely followed by domestic research scholars. Therefore, research on the relationship between audit fees and audit opinions is of great significance. As for the product market competition as an influencing factor of the external governance mechanism of the enterprise, it can improve the operation of the enterprise. However, there are few studies on the competitionandauditoftheproductmarket,andwhetherthecompetitionoftheproductmarkethasanimpact on the research of the audit fee and What is the path of influence has not caused widespread concern among researchers. At present, although domestic and foreign scholars have achieved certain research results on product market competition and audit related issues, there is still a lack of research on the relationship between product market competition and audit fees and audit opinions. In order to explore the correlation between the audit fees charged by the accounting firms for listedIII companies and the audit opinions, the impact of product market competition on the relationship between the two is analyzed. First of all, this paper expounds the background and significance of product market competition, audit fees and audit opinions, and summarizes the existing research literature. Secondly, according to the relevant theoretical basis, this paper constructs the research object model, conducts logit regression analysis and tests, and obtains the research results. Finally, based on the theoretical basis and the analysis results obtained through empirical evidence, this paper gives reasonable and effective suggestions for future research in related fields. This paper selects the A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2007 to 2017 as a sample, first analyzes the impact of audit fees on audit opinions, and further analyzes the logit regression analysis of the audit fees subdivided normal audit fees and abnormal audit fees. At the same time, join the product market competition variables and conduct further analysis. The empirical results show that the audit fees and the standard audit opinions are significantly negatively correlated; similarly, the abnormal audit fees charged by the firm and the standard unqualified audit opinions are also negatively related.At the same time, thepath research showsthatin additiontoconsideringthenormal auditing costs,accountingfirmswill charge auditfeesaccordingtothecompany'searningsmanagementlevel,affectingthetypesofauditopinionsissued, and according to the theory of principal-agent theory, product market competition reduces corporate earnings management. The level, which reduces the audit risk of the accounting firm, and then has a regulatory negative co