市场的变化日新月异，同行业的竞争越发激烈，尤其制造业影响深远，稍有不慎就 会被时代所淘汰。一方面，新技术的更新换代，改变着人们传统的管理思维和竞争机制， 同行业制造企业间的竞争逐渐转化为基于时间的竞争和基于客户需求的竞争，因此，模 块化、集约化、智能化、平台化的生产线自上世纪以来，逐渐成为制造企业为适应新的 竞争模式而广泛采用的生产方式，通过大规模生产和批量化生产的优势，在实际生产中 充分节省采购成本，管理成本，人工成本、制造成本、在销售收入一定情况下提高各方 面的效率获取更高的利润，归根到底新的竞争模式其实为时间的竞争。 另一方面，与传统批量化制造企业(汽车业、机床业、家具业等等)不同，订单型制 造型企业，通常为复杂工程或系统性大型项目的单项服务，加工单件或极小批量的具有 高度差异化的产品，他们的产品主要满足客户定制化需求，对于客户订单型制造企业生 产的产品往往是系统工程其中一个重要的环节，项目制造型企业或订单生产型制造企业， 必须精确满足客户时间需求(过程时间优化、保证交货期)、质量需求、售后保障等各个 方面，但由于单件小批产品性质决定，我们发现生产批量越小，产品个性化程度越深， 生产过程中越具有柔性，决定生产加工时间的因素更加难以控制，从而各个环节的工作 时间都收到影响，计划完成率底，按期交货难度大。所以对于订单型单件小批、项目制 造企业对于基于工时定额(时间)的管理，如何提高各环节的工作效率面临着极大的挑战。 BY 公司(军工转制)，现已归地方属地化管理。隶属于国内某大型集团公司。公司成 立时间为 1959 年(1999 年改制)，为典型的单件小批项目订单型企业，没有自己的批量 化产品，利用公司具备完善的一二三类压力容器、核工业装备设计、核容器及核设备制 造资质，参与各个项目竞标，从而依据设计院图纸进行加工制造。但由于各项产品差异 性较大，在实际生产制造过程中遇到诸多问题，多项产品无法满足交货期，或由于工期 原因出现质量问题。因此本文通过 BY 公司工时定额的应用管理问题入手，通过案例分 析、发现问题、提出意见及建议、结合理论联系实际找到一套完整的解决方案。 综上，随着社会的不断发展，通用性设备减少，个性化产品增加，批量化加工 制造的企业会逐渐向订单型项目生产转移，本文通过对 BY 公司的案例研究，试图探索 出一套面向订单型单件或小批量项目制造企业基于工时定额应用管理的完整方案。为该 类型企业应用工时定额提高企业各项管理水平提供了参考。 关键词，时间竞争；单件小批；案例分析；解决方案- II - A Case Study On The Manangement Of BY Company Based On Man-hour quota Abstract The market changes with each passing day, the competition in the same industry is more and more intense, especially the manufacturing industry has a far-reaching impact, a little carelessness will be eliminated by the times. On the one hand, the renewal of new technology is changing people's traditional management thinking and competition mechanism, and the competition among manufacturing enterprises in the same industry is gradually transformed into time-based competition and customer-based competition. Since the last century, modular, intensive, intelligent and platform production lines have gradually become a widely used mode of production for manufacturing enterprises to adapt to the new competitive mode, through the advantages of large-scale production and mass production. In the actual production to fully save procurement costs, management costs, labor costs, manufacturing costs, in the case of sales revenue to improve the efficiency of all aspects of higher profits, in the final analysis, the new competition model is actually the competition of time. On the other hand, unlike traditional mass manufacturing enterprises (automobile industry, machine tool industry, furniture industry, etc.), order manufacturing enterprises usually serve large engineering or complex products. The production of single-piece or very small batches of highly differentiated products, their production is facing the direct needs of customers, their products are usually one of the key equipment or large-scale projects for customers. Project manufacturing enterprises or order manufacturing enterprises must accurately meet customer time needs (process time optimization, guaranteed delivery time), quality requirements, after-sales support and other aspects, but because of the nature of a single small batch of products, We found that the smaller the production batch, the deeper the degree of product individualization, the more flexible the production process, the more difficult to control the factors that determine the production and processing time, so that the working time of each link is affected, and the completion rate of the plan is at the end of the plan. It is difficult to deliver on time. Therefore, for the order type of single piece small batch, project manufacturing enterprises for the management based on man-hour quota (time), how to improve the work efficiency of each link is facing great challenges. The BY Company (military conversion) is now under local management. It belongs to a large group company in China. The company was founded in 1959 (1999 restructuring), a typical single small batch of project order enterprises, do not have their own batch of products, The company has a perfect one, two or three types of pressure vessels, nuclear industry- III - equipment design, nuclear vessels and nuclear equipment manufacturing qualifications, participate in the bidding of various projects, so as to process and manufacture according to the drawings of the design institute. However, due to the great difference of each product, many problems are encountered in the actual production and manufacturing process, many products can not meet the delivery time, or better than the time limit for quality problems. Therefore, this paper starts with the application and management of man-hour quota in BY Company, through case analysis, discovery of problems, put forward opinions and suggestions, combined with theory and practice to find a complete set of solutions. In summary, with the continuous development of society, the number of universal equipment is reduced, the number of personalized products is increasing, and the mass processing and manufacturing enterprises will gradually shift to order project production. through the case study of BY Company, This paper attempts to explore a complete scheme for the application management of single-piece or small-batch project manufacturing enterprises based on man-hour quota. It provides a reference for this type of enterprises to apply man-hour quota to improve the management level of enterprises. Key words: Time competition; Single-piece or small-batch; Case analysis; Solution- IV - 目 录 摘要.............................................................................................................................I Abstract ............................................................................................................................. II 1 绪 论.......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究目的与意义............................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 研究目的................................................................................................ 1 1.1.2 研究意义................................................................................................ 1 1.2 研究思路及方法............................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 研究思路................................................................................................ 2 1.2.2 研究方法................................................................................................ 2 2 案例正文...................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 公司及行业背景简介....................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 BY 公司简介 ......................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 大连 BY 公司人力资源情况 ................................................................ 4 2.2 工时定额在单件小批订单型行业的应用介绍............................................... 5 2.3 管理案例描述.............