污泥中含有多种有害成分，如果处置不当，很容易对环境造成二次污染，危 及人类的健康，同时，污泥中含有大量有利于植物生长的有机质和矿质元素。为 了实现污泥的无害化资源化，本文开展了以下研究。 （1）通过对堆体发酵堆肥过程中腐熟度指标的测定和分析，结果表明污泥 与药渣的质量配比 2，3 的堆体堆肥产品质量较好，其堆肥过程中的工艺参数可 用于指导试验区大量污泥的堆肥以满足工程的需要。 （2）通过选用草本植物高羊茅和小乔木构树进行盆栽对比试验发现，污泥 施加量在 10%-30%情况下，促进高羊茅和构树快速生长，发芽率、生物量、地径、 生态适应性、重金属含量随着污泥施加量的增加而变大。考虑到长期供肥潜力的 需要，试验区污泥的施加量在 20%-30%比较合适。 （3）通过对试验区土壤理化性状、营养成分、重金属等指标的监测分析，结 果表明矿山废弃地土壤基质经过堆肥污泥改良后，土壤理化性状大幅度改善，供 肥潜力明显增强，基本能满足植物的长期生长需求。个别重金属元素超过国家土 壤环境质量标准三级标准，对当地环境和生物不会构成严重影响。 （4）通过对试验区现场渗滤液中营养成分、重金属动态变化情况进行监测 和分析，数据显示渗滤液不会对环境产生风险。但是，污泥的施用应避开雨季高 峰期。 关键词，污泥；堆肥；矿山废弃地；生长响应；供肥潜力；环境风险Feasibility Study on the Application of Municipal Sewage Sludge on Vegetation Restoration in Waste Land Abstract If sewage sludge, which contains a variety of harmful element, cannot be treated appropriately, will bring about secondary pollution, which is injurious to human being’s health. Meanwhile, there is plenty of organic matter and mineral element in sewage sludge. To make sewage sludge unharmful and recycle, this paper did the following research: （1）Through the measurement and anlysis of rotten degree during fermentation process, the results showed that when sludge and dregsofadecoction was mixed with the weight ratio of 2:3, solid-state fermentation was of good condition and the technical parameter during this process could be used to instruct the solid-state fermentation of the experimental area to meet the need of project. （ 2 ） By opposite experiment between herbaceous plant Tall Fescue and microphanerophytes broussonetia papyrifera， it found that when sludge compost application rate was between 10% and 30%， it would improve the growth of Tall Fescue and broussonetia papyrifera. Heavy mental contents would increase with the growing amounts of the compost application. Considering preserving fertilizer in the long term, the compost application rate in the experimental area should be between 20% and 30%. （3）By monitoring and analyzing the soil physical property and heavy mental index of experimental area, it showed that after the abandoned mine was treated, soil physical property and preserving fertilizer potential were improved and strengthened greatly, which could meet the basic need for plant’s growth in the long term. Some heavy metal exceeded State Soil Environment Quality Standard (Level 3) limit but would not bring about severe effect to local area and living creature. （4）By monitoring and analyzing nutritional components and dynamic change of heavy mental, data showed that the percolate would not affect environment. But the application of sludge should keep off the peak of rainy season. Key words， sewage sludge； solid-state fermentation；abandoned lands of mines； growth response； preserving fertilizer potential； environmental risks目 录 第一章 绪论 ....................................................................................................... 2 1.1 城市污水厂污泥的性质和组成 ............................................................................ 2 1.1.1 有关污泥中的术语及定义 ........................................................................ 2 1.1.2 城市污水厂污泥的组成 ............................................................................ 2 1.2 国内外城市污水厂污泥的处置现状与资源化利用 ............................................... 3 1.2.1 城市污水厂污泥的处置目的..................................................................... 3 1.2.2 国外城市污水厂污泥的处置现状.............................................................. 3 1.2.3 国内污水厂污泥处置概况 ........................................................................ 5 1.2.4 城市污水厂污泥土地利用应注意的问题 ................................................... 6 1.3 城市污水厂污泥堆肥技术 .................................................................................... 7 1.3.1 堆肥化的概念及原理 ................................................................................ 7 1.3.2 好氧堆肥的原料....................................................................................... 8 1.3.3 好氧堆肥的影响因素 ............................................................................... 8 1.3.4 堆肥的腐熟度评价指标 ............................................................................ 9 1.4 我国矿山废弃地现状和存在的问题..................................................................... 9 1.4.1 矿山废弃地类型和特点 ............................................................................ 9 1.4.2 我国矿山废弃地存在的问题..................................................................... 9 1.5 本研究的目的和内容 ........................................................................................ 10 1.5.1 研究目的和意义..................................................................................... 10 1.5.2 研究内容 ................................................................................................11 第二章 城市污水厂污泥高温好氧堆肥技术研究 ...............................................12 2.1 研究方法 .......................................................................................................... 12 2.1.1 试验材料 ............................................................................................... 12 2.1.2 试验设计 ............................................................................................... 13 2.1.3 分析方法 ............................................................................................... 13 2.2 结果与分析....................................................................................................... 14 2.2.1 堆肥过程中污泥表观性状变化 ............................................................... 14 2.2.2 堆肥过程中堆体温度的动态变化............................................................ 14 2.2.3 堆肥过程中堆体含水率的动态变化 ........................................................ 15 2.2.4 堆肥过程中堆体 pH 值的动态变化.......................................................... 16 2.2.5 堆肥过程中堆体挥发性固体的动态变化 ................................................. 16 2.2.6 堆肥过程中堆体营养元素的动态变化 .................................................... 17 2.2.7 堆肥过程中堆体浸提液高羊茅种子发芽率的动态变化 ........................... 18 2.3 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 19 第三章 施用堆肥污泥对植物生长的影响研究 ...................................................20 3.1 研究方法 .......................................................................................................... 203.1.1 试验材料 ............................................................................................... 20 3.1.2 试验设计 ............................................................................................... 21 3.1.3 分析方法 ............................................................................................... 21 3.2 结果与分析....................................................................................................... 21 3.2.1 高羊茅种子发芽分析 ............................................................................. 21 3.2.2 高羊茅生物量与堆肥污泥施加量的关系 ................................................. 23 3.2.3 堆肥污泥对高羊茅重新萌芽及抗旱力的影响.......................................... 24 3.2.4 构树地径与堆肥污泥施加量的关系 ........................................................ 24 3.2.5 构树叶绿色荧光参数的变