I 摘要 随着移动互联网时代的到来，平板电脑、智能手机等智能硬件的普及，人们 更加依赖“掌上”生活。微信公众平台作为一种推广工具，越来越被人所接纳， 成为人们生活、娱乐、获取信息的重要途径，这也为移动学习开启新的篇章。越 来越多的人基于微信公众平台进行碎片化的学习，而微课具有“短、小、精、活” 的特点，更加适合移动互联网的传播。 本文在文献查阅和理论学习的基础上，基于微信公众平台开展小学低年级科 学与技术教学。研究从小学生的认知能力、心理特征、已有的知识结构出发对学 习对象进行分析，结合小学二年级科学与技术的学科特点，梳理成不同模块的知 识点，灵活调整微课教学内容和教学目标，据此设计和制作出配套的微课，旨在 帮助学生有效地理解、掌握科技知识，提升学习兴趣。再依托微信公众平台为互 联网传播途径，将微课推送到订阅用户（学生或学生家长），供学生学习。 为期一个学期的微课教学结束后，分别对实验组和对照组的前测和后测数据 进行了统计分析，检查学生对知识的理解、掌握程度的差异。并通过问卷调查、 访谈调查等途径获取科学与技术教师、学生家长、学生三方面信息。深入分析了 利用微信公众平台开展小学低年级科技类微课移动教学的可能性。 研究发现：1、基于微信公众平台的微课教学方式激发了学生学习科学的兴 趣，能有效提高学生学习科学的主动性和学习成绩；2、课程实施提高了学生对 科学现象的探究欲望，增强了他们对周围科学事物的好奇心；3、学生通过课程 学习，已能独立操作微信公众平台，信息技术操作技能有了明显的提升；4、学 生家长反馈学生的学习兴趣和求知欲都有提升，普遍认为这种学习方式有助于学 生学习科学知识；5、在线微课制作和管理需耗费大量时间和精力，阻碍了一线 教师应用微课教学的积极性。 除此之外，笔者总结了基于微信公众平台的小学低年级科学微课教学优劣势 和在这种新教学模式下教师、家长和学生角色的变化，并提出了今后进一步研究 的方向。 关键词：微课；微信公众平台；小学科学与技术上海师范大学硕士学位报告 Abstract II Abstract As mobile internet is coming forth, and following intelligent hardware such as tablet PCs and smart phones is widespread among the public, people consider life on palm as more necessary part. Now, WeChat public platform, a new promotional vehicle for socializing, accepted by more and more people, plays a significant role in entertainment and information collection, which opens a new chapter for mobile learning. Now, the public tend to learn in piece with the aid of WeChat platform, and micro-course, characterized as short, small, extract and flexible, is more beneficial for spreading mobile internet. According to the literature searching and theoretical studying, this dissertation, on the basis of science and technology teaching for lower elementary school students on the WeChat public platform, combines analysis of elementary school students cognitive abilities, psychological characteristics and existing knowledge structure with the feature of the second grades science and technology. Accordingly this article sorts out the knowledge emphasis into diverse modules, and designs teaching contents and teaching objectives flexibly, aiming at helping students with mastering scientific knowledge and improving their interest in learning. Micro-courses designed by the matching idea will be pushed to the subscribers (including students and parents) by the mean of WeChat platform. At the end of a semester-duration micro-course, in order to examine the variation of studying effect among students, statistical analysis is developed on the pretest and posttest data of the experimental group and the control group. In addition, the information regarding instructors, parents and students is collected by means of questionnaire and interview survey. In this basis, the author thoroughly analyzes the possibility of micro-courses (science and technology) for the lower elementary school students. The study shows:(1)The method of micro-courses on the WeChat public platform inspires the interest, improves the learning achievement and enhances the motivation of learning science.(2)The implementation of the curriculum enhances the students' desire to explore the scientific phenomenon and enhances their curiosity about the surrounding scientific objects.(3)By learning the course, students could handle with WeChat public platform independently, and operating skills of上海师范大学硕士学位报告 Abstract III information technology are apparently increased.(4)From the feedback of parents, learning interest and thirst for knowledge have been promoted, they commonly think the new learning method beneficial for mastering scientific knowledge.(5)The production and management of online micro-course consumes much time and energy, which impedes the front-line teachers initiative of micro-course implement. Besides, this paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the micro-courses (science and technology) for lower elementary school students, and in this new teaching mode, teachers, parents and studentsrole have been changed consequently. In the end, the article puts forward the direction of further research. Keywords: micro-courses；WeChat public platform；Elementary school science and technology上海师范大学硕士学位报告 目录 IV 目录 摘要................................................................................................................................ I Abstract........................................................................................................................II 第 1 章 绪论................................................................................................................1 1.1 课题背景..............................................................................................................1 1.1.1 移动互联网时代的到来...............................................................................1 1.1.2 技术对教育的影响.......................................................................................1 1.2 研究意义..............................................................................................................2 1.3 研究方法..............................................................................................................2 1.4 概念的界定..........................................................................................................4 1.4.1 微课的概念发展...........................................................................................4 1.4.2 微信公众平台...............................................................................................5 第 2 章 研究综述........................................................................................................7 2.1 国内研究现状......................................................................................................7 2.1.1 文献统计分析...............................................................................................7 2.1.2 国内在线微课资源分析...............................................................................7 2.2 国外研究现状......................................................................................................8 2.2.1 在线学习引发教育革命...............................................................................8 2.2.2 国外在线微课资源分析...............................................................................9 2.3 存在不足..............................................................................................................9 2.3.1 微课中存在的问题.......................................................................................9 2.3.2 在线课程中存在的问题.............................................................................10 2.4 理论基础...........................................................................................................11 2.4.1 建构主义学习理论.....................................................................................11 2.4.2 视听教学理论.............................................................................................12 2.4.3 信息加工理论.............................................................................................12 2.4.4 认知负荷理论.............................................................................................13 2.4.5 非正式学习理论.........................................................................................13 第 3 章 微课的教学设计..........................................................................................14 3.1 分析阶段............................................................................................................14 3.1.1 小学低年级学生特征分析.........................................................................14 3.1.2 教材和教学内容分析.................................................................................15 3.1.3 资源分析.....................................................................................................17 3.2 设计阶段............................................................................................................22 3.3 创作阶段............................................................................................................24 3.3.1 微课的教学类型.........................................................................................24 3.3.2 微课形式.....................................................................................................25 3.3.3 小学科学与技术微课媒体设计.................................................................26 3.4 实施阶段............................................................................................................29上海师范大学硕士学位报告 目录 V 3.5 评价阶段............................................................................................................29 3.6 微课教学案例....................................................................................................29 3.6.1 教案设计.....................................................................................................29 3.6.2 微课视频.....................................................................................................31 第 4 章 研究的实施..................................................................................................35 4.1 前置测试和问卷分析........................................................................................35 4.1.1 前置测试分析.............................................................................................35 4.1.2 前置问卷调查分析.....................................................................................35 4.2 教学实施过程....................................................................................................42 4.3 后置测试、问卷、访谈分析............................................................................43 4.3.1 后置测试分析.............................................................................................43 4.3.2 后置问卷调查和访谈分析.........................................................................45 4.4 教师问卷调查和访谈分析................................................................................49 第 5 章 结论和展望..................................................................................................52 5.1 结论....................................................................................................................52 5.1.1 优势和劣势.................................................................................................52 5.1.2 角色转变.....................................................................................................53 5.2 研究展望............................................................................................................54