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吉林省城乡居民基本养老保险商业化运行的可行性研究

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文本描述
随着我国经济结构的不断升级以及新型城镇化的有序推进,城乡居民基本养老保险 的发展进度也在逐渐加快。从 2009 年新型农村社会养老保险制度的实施到 2011 年城镇 居民社会养老保险制度的加入,仅用了短短几年的时间,两项制度就基本实现了全覆盖。 2014 年国务院下发文件将新型农村社会养老保险制度和城镇居民社会养老保险制度进 行整合,建立全国统一的城乡居民基本养老保险制度。这一制度上的整合,不仅意味着 城乡居民可以享受平等的养老保障服务,而且也标志着我国迈出了统筹城乡社会保障制 度的第一步。在整合制度出台之前,我国大多数省、市都将新型农村社会养老保险和城 镇居民社会养老保险一并实施,统称为城乡居民基本养老保险。虽然制度的覆盖范围不 断扩大,但是仍然存在很多问题。吉林省各地级市根据本地区的不同发展状况制定了相 应的城乡居民基本养老保险制度试行办法,虽然制度运行比较顺利,但是在制度设计、 基金运行、养老金待遇以及社保经办服务方面仍然存在着很多问题。商业保险作为社会 保障体系中的一部分,对于社会保险不仅有补充作用,同时还可以利用自身的管理优势 经办部分社会保险业务。这种城乡居民基本养老保险商业化运行的方式存在着重要意 义。 本文以城乡居民基本养老保险为研究对象,首先阐述了我国城乡居民基本养老保险 的发展历程及现状。其次,结合对吉林省城乡居民基本养老保险的实地调查所获得的基 础数据,探究吉林省城乡居民基本养老保险存在的主要问题。最后,以凯恩斯的社会福 利思想、保险功能理论、社会支持理论以及民营化理论为理论基础,通过借鉴国外社会 养老保险的成功经验,探寻商业保险经办城乡居民基本养老保险的可行性,并为吉林省 城乡居民基本养老保险商业化运行提出相应的对策建议。 关键词,城乡居民基本养老保险;吉林省;商业化运行;社保经办机构II Abstract With the continuous upgrading of China's economic structure and the new orderly urbanization, the development of the progress in basic pension insurance for urban and rural residents is gradually accelerated. From the new rural social pension insurance system implemented in 2009 to the participation of the social pension system for urban residents in 2001, the two systems basically achieve full coverage. in just a few years. In 2014, the State Council issued a document to integrate the two systems, establishing a unified national basic pension system for urban and rural residents all over the nation. This integration not only means that the urban and rural residents can enjoy same pension services, but also marks the first step of China's urban and rural social security system. Prior to the introduction of the integrated systems, the majority of our country implement the new rural social pension insurance and social pension insurance for urban residents at the same time, collectively known as Basic pension for urban and rural residents. Although the coverage of the system continues to expand, but there are still many problems. Country-level city in Jilin province developed a corresponding the pilot scheme of urban and rural resident’s basic pension insurance system, which depends on the development status of in the region. Although the system is running smoothly, there are still many problems about the system design, fund operation, pensions and the social security services. Commercial insurance, as part of the social security system, not only is complementary for social security, but also can make use of their management strengths to handle part of the social insurance. There are important meanings in the commercial operation of the basic pension for urban and rural residents. In this paper, I take the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents as the object of the research, firstly describing the history and the status of the development of basic pension for urban and rural residents. Secondly, combined with data on the basis of fieldwork of basic pension for urban and rural residents in Jilin Province, I explore major issues of that. At last, on the basis of Keynes's ideas on social welfare, insurance function theory, and social support theory, as well as by drawing on the successful experience of foreign social endowment insurance, I explore feasibility of the commercial insurance handling basic pension for urban and rural residents. And propose appropriate recommendations for the commercial operation of basic pension for urban and rural residents in Jilin. Key words: Basic pension for urban and rural residents; Jilin province; Commercial operation; Social security agenciesIII 目 录 中文摘要..................................................................I 英文摘要.................................................................II 目 录................................................................III 1 绪 论................................................................1 1.1 研究背景与研究意义 ..................................................1 1.1.1 研究背景.........................................................2 1.1.2 研究意义.........................................................2 1.2 国内外研究现状 ......................................................2 1.2.1 国外研究现状.....................................................2 1.2.2 国内研究现状.....................................................4 1.2.3 国内外研究现状评述...............................................6 1.3 相关概念界定 ........................................................6 1.3.1 城乡居民基本养老保险.............................................6 1.3.2 商业保险.........................................................7 1.3.3 社会养老保险商业化运行...........................................7 1.4 研究方法、逻辑框架和创新之处 ........................................7 1.4.1 本文的研究方法...................................................7 1.4.2 本文的逻辑框架...................................................8 1.4.3 本文的创新之处...................................................8 2 本文的理论基础.........................................................10 2.1 凯恩斯的社会福利思想 ...............................................10 2.2 社会支持理论 .......................................................10 2.3 保险功能理论 .......................................................11 2.4 民营化理论 .........................................................12 3 我国城乡居民基本养老保险的制度回顾及现状...............................13 3.1 我国城乡居民基本养老保险的制度回顾 .................................13 3.1.1 新型农村社会养老保险制度的发展..................................13 3.1.2 城镇居民社会养老保险制度的发展..................................14 3.1.3 城乡居民基本养老保险制度的发展..................................15 3.2 我国城乡居民基本养老保险现状 .......................................17 3.2.1 全国城乡居民养老保险参保的基本情况..............................17 3.2.2 典型试点模式分析................................................18IV 4 吉林省城乡居民基本养老保险的实地调查...................................20 4.1 吉林省城乡居民养老保险的基本情况 ...................................20 4.2 吉林省城乡居民养老保险的调研情况 ...................................21 4.3 吉林省城乡居民养老保险存在的问题 ...................................23 4.3.1 制度设计不够合理................................................23 4.3.2 养老金待遇偏低..................................................24 4.3.3 基金保值增值较困难..............................................25 4.3.4 社会保险管理服务体系建设滞后....................................26 4.4 本章小结 ...........................................................27 5 国外社会养老保险制度的经验借鉴.........................................28 5.1 澳大利亚的社会养老保险制度 .........................................28 5.1.1 多层次的养老保险制度............................................28 5.1.2 养老金的分层化管理..............................................28 5.2 智利的社会养老保险制度 .............................................29 5.2.1 储蓄保险型养老保险制度..........................................29 5.2.2 养老金的商业化管理..............................................29 5.3 两国社会养老发展模式对我国的启示 ...................................30 5.3.1 符合国情的制度设计..............................................30 5.3.2 清晰明确的政府职责..............................................30 5.3.3 商业化运行的基金管理............................................31 5.4 本章小结 ...........................................................32 6 吉林省城乡居民基本养老保险商业化运行的可行性分析 ......................33 6.1 商业保险公司参与城乡居民养老保险的动因 .............................33 6.1.1 促进自身业务发展,拓展行业发展空间..............................33 6.1.2 缓解养老保险压力,发挥社会管理功能..............................34 6.1.3 加快社保经办机构转型,推进社会保障城乡一体化....................35 6.2 商业保险公司参与城乡居民养老保险的优势 .............................36 6.2.1 中央的相关政策支持..............................................36 6.2.2 商业保险公司的管理优势..........................................36 6.2.3 其他社会组织的发展滞后..........................................38 6.3 商业保险公司参与城乡居民养老保险的挑战 .............................38 6.3.1 商业保险公司的营销模式有待改进..................................38 6.3.2 商业保险与社会保险之间存在竞争关系..............................39 6.4 本章小结 ...........................................................39 7 吉林省城乡居民基本养老保险商业化运行的对策建议 ........................40 7.1 明确政府责任,确立商业保险公司的合法地位 ...........................40V 7.2 建立机构准入退出机制,提高经办服务的运行效率 .......................42 7.3 确立严格高效的基金运作流程,提升养老资金的运用水平 .................42 7.4 强化政府监督职能,确保商业化模式长效安全运行 .......................43