中 文 摘 要 制造型民营企业是拉动中国经济增长的重要力量，是中国经济的重要组成部 分。由于东北地区制造型民营企业外部竞争的日趋激烈化和市场、技术、政策等 的不确定性，正迅速改变着东北地区制造型民营企业的生存与发展环境。东北地 区制造型民营企业要获得竞争优势必须开拓新的视野，通过与外界其他企业优势 互补和资源共享，形成企业间相互作用的关系，以求促进协同发展。 本文主要采用文献研究法、问卷调查法与德尔菲法相结合、模糊综合评判法 及实证分析法，构建东北地区制造型民营企业生态系统健康度评价模型。首先， 本文在企业健康生态系统、企业可持续发展和企业生命周期理论等相关理论的基 础上，运用了文献研究、问卷调查、德尔菲法等方法，借用自然生态系统健康程 度评价模型，将企业生态系统健康指数（HI）概念作为东北地区制造型民营企业 生态系统健康度的衡量指标，其中包括三个层面的子指标构成，即企业生态系统 活力指标（V），通过对主导企业现状和核心能力指标的评价反映企业生态系统 活力因素；企业生态系统组织指标（O），衡量企业生态系统结构的合理性以及 运行机制的有效性；企业生态系统弹性指标（R），从政治、经济、文化、科技 等宏观环境因素入手，分析企业生态系统所处环境对其的影响。最终确定东北地 区制造型民营企业生态系统健康度的评价指标体系，并采用层次分析法和德尔菲 法确定各评价指标的权重，构建健康度的衡量模型，在实际应用中运用德尔菲法 对东北地区制造型民营企业的健康发展现状进行评价，代入模糊综合评价模型进 行运算，并将运算结果与评语集进行比较。通过实证分析，东北地区制造型民营 企业可以了解自身企业生态系统的健康发展状况，并依据结果提出相应的发展战 略。 综上所述，本文旨在促使东北地区制造型民营企业正视其生存环境，并为 其发展提出相应改善举措，最终实现东北地区制造型民营企业生态系统的平稳健 康发展目标。 关键词：东北地区；制造型民营企业；企业生态系统；企业生 态系统健康度 辽宁科技大学硕士学位论文ABSTRACT iii ABSTRACT Manufacturing-oriented private enterprises is an important force to drive Chinese economic growth and an important part of the Chinese economy. Because of the increasingly of fierce external competition in manufacturing private enterprises in the Northeast China and the uncertainty of market, technology and policies, the environment for the survive and develop of manufacturing private enterprises in Northeast China is rapidly changing. In order to obtain competitive advantage, the manufacturing-oriented private enterprises in Northeast China must broaden new horizons, and form an interdependent relationship between enterprises in order to promote coordinated development that by complementing the advantages of other companies and sharing resources. This paper mainly uses the literature research method, questionnaire survey method, Delphi method, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the empirical analysis method to construct the health degree evaluation model of manufacturing-ori ented private enterprises ecosystem in Northeast China. First of all, this paper not only use literature research, questionnaire survey, Delphi method and other methods to borrow the natural ecosystem health assessment model, and all of these based on the related theories of corporate health degree ecosystem, enterprise sustainable development and enterprise life cycle theory. The Ecosystem Health Index (HI) concept is used as a measure of the health degree of the ecosystem of manufacturing- oriented private enterprises. It consists of three levels of sub-indicators, the index of enterprise ecosystem vitality (V) reflects the factors of enterprise ecosystem vitality by evaluating the current situation of leading enterprises and core competence index. Enterprise ecosystem organization index (O) measures the rationality of enterprise ecosystem structure and the effectiveness of operation mechanism. The elasticity index (R) of enterprise ecosystem, starting with macro-environmental factors such as politics, economy, culture, science and technology, analyses the impact of the environment of enterprise ecosystem on it. Finally, the evaluation index system of ecosystem health degree of manufacturing private enterprises in Northeast China is determined, and the weights of each evaluation index are determined by analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method, and the health degree measurement model is constructed. In practical application, Delphi method is used to evaluate the health development status of manufacturing private enterprises in Northeast China, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is substituted for calculation. The results are compared with the comment set. Through empirical analysis, manufacturing privateABSTRACT iv enterprises in Northeast China can understand the healthy development of their enterprise ecosystem, and put forward corresponding development strategies based on the results. To sum up, this paper aims to promote manufacturing-oriented private enterpris- es in Northeast China to face their living environment, and propose corresponding improvement measures for their development, and finally achieve the goal of stable and healthy development of the manufacturing-oriented private enterprise ecosystem in Northeast China. Key Words：North-EastArea，Manufacturing-Oriented Private Enterprise，Business Ecosystem，Enterprise Ecosystem Health目 录 v 目 录 独创性声明.....................................................................................................................i 关于论文使用授权的说明.............................................................................................i 中 文 摘 要................................................................................................................ii ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................iii 1 绪论.............................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景与研究意义......................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 研究背景..................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 研究意义.................................................................................................... 2 1.2 国内外理论研究综述......................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 国外理论研究综述.................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 国内理论研究综述.................................................................................... 5 1.2.3 国内外研究现状述评................................................................................ 7 1.3 研究思路和研究内容......................................................................................... 7 1.3.1 研究思路..................................................................................................... 7 1.3.2 研究内容..................................................................................................... 9 1.4 研究方法和创新点............................................................................................. 9 1.4.1 研究方法..................................................................................................... 9 1.4.2 创新点....................................................................................................... 10 1.5 本章小结........................................................................................................... 10 2 相关概念、相关理论基础及相关方法...................................................................11 2.1 相关概念............................................................................................................11 2.1.1 民营企业....................................................................................................11 2.1.2 制造型民营企业........................................................................................11 2.1.3 企业生态系统............................................................................................11 2.1.4 企业生态位................................................................................................11 2.1.5 健康度........................................................................................................11 2.1.6 企业生态系统健康度............................................................................... 12 2.2 相关理论基础................................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 企业健康生态系统理论.......................................................................... 12 2.2.2 企业可持续发展理论.............................................................................. 13 2.2.3 企业生命周期理论.................................................................................. 14 2.3 相关方法........................................................................................................... 15 2.3.1 层次分析法.............................................................................................. 15 2.3.2 模糊综合评价法...................................................................................... 16 2.4 本章小结............................................................................................................ 16 3 东北地区制造型民营企业生态系统的健康发展现状分析...................................17 3.1 东北地区民营企业的发展现状........................................................................ 17 3.2 东北地区制造型民营企业的发展现状............................................................ 19 3.3 东北地区制造型民营企业生态系统的发展现状及存在问题........................ 21 3.3.1 现状........................................................................................................... 21 3.3.2 存在的问题............................................................................................... 22 3.4 本章小结........................................................................................................... 23 4 东北地区制造型民营企业生态系统健康度评价指标体系的构建及健康度确定24目 录 vi 4.1 评价指标体系的构建........................................................................................ 24 4.1.1 构建原则................................................................................................... 24 4.1.2 健康度评价指标的获取........................................................................... 25 4.1.3 评价指标体系的构建............................................................................... 31 4.2 东北地区制造型民营企业生态系统健康度确定............................................ 36 4.2.1 健康度的划分及评判标准....................................................................... 36 4.2.2 健康度的展示........................................................................................... 41 4.2.3 健康度计算模型的选择........................................................................... 42 4.3 本章小结............................................................................................................ 45 5 东北地区制造型民营企业生态系统健康度评价实证研究...................................46 5.1 实证对象选取.................................................................................................... 46 5.1.1 样本选择依据........................................................................................... 46 5.1.2 实证企业介绍........................................................................................... 46 5.2 东北地区制造型民营企业生态系统健康度的模型评价................................ 47 5.2.1 指标权重确定........................................................................................... 47 5.2.2 模糊关系计算........................................................................................... 52 5.2.3 模糊综合评价........................................................................................... 61 5.3 东北地区制造型民营企业生态系统健康度评价结果分析............................ 64 5.4 本章小结............................................................................................................ 65 6 对策建议...................................................................................................................66 6.1 完善企业财务状况............................................................................................ 66 6.2 提高产品加工水平............................................................................................ 66 6.3 合理规划人力资源状况.................................................................................... 67 6.4 重视企业文化与理念........................................................................................ 67 6.5 时刻关注市场状况............................................................................................ 67 6.6 提高企业创新水平............................................................................................ 68 6.7 重视企业利益与信息共享................................................................................ 68 6.8 提高企业员工组织协调能力............................................................................ 68 6.9 本章小结............................................................................................................ 69 7 研究结论与展望.......................................................................................................70 7.1 研究结论............................................................................................................ 70 7.2 研究展望............................................................................................................ 70 参考文献......................................................................................................................71 附录 A 东北地区制造型民营企业生态系统健康度评价指标初始调查表............74 附录 B 东北地区制造型民营企业生态系统健康度评价指标权重调查表............78 附录 C 实证东北地区制造型民营企业生态系统健康度现状调查问卷.................88 攻读硕士学位期间发表学术论文情况......................................................................93