在国家对电动汽车产业的大力支持推动下，我国电动汽车产业正进入快速发展时期， 据数据显示，我国 2015 年共生产新能源汽车达到 37.90 万辆，这也极大地推动了电动汽 车充电设施的建设。而纯电动公交车作为一种主流的新能源公共交通工具，越来越受到 人们的关注，是未来城市公交车的发展趋势。发展电动汽车，充电站是所需配备的重要 基础设施，它为车辆的运行提供能源补给服务。目前充电设施建设的滞后已经成为制约 纯电动公交车发展的瓶颈。对于充电站的建设，前期的选址和建设规模的确定将直接影 响到充电站的运营效益、服务质量及服务的便利性等，需要用科学的方法进行决策。 本文将采用理论研究和财务估算相结合的方法，通过对新能源充电桩行业的全面分 析，总结研究文献以及国内外充电桩项目的发展情况，全方位的分析充电站项目的市场 情况，研究充电站的选址原则，从战略到运营的角度提出一个可行性强、大型户外、以 服务大型电动公交车、出租车为主，同时为小型电动私家车主提供服务的“2 小时充电圈” 电动汽车充电站的商业计划书。本项目通过整合优化资源配置，使得本项目可以获得较 高的效益和较强的抗风险能力。 关键词，充电站；商业模式；财务分析II Abstract Under the support of our nation, Chinese electric vehicle industry is now in a fast increasing period. As it shows by the data, Chinese totally product 379 thousands clear energy vehicle in 2015, and that greatly promoted the constructions of electric vehicle charging facilities. Electric bus is now more and more popular as a clear energy public vehicle. And it is becoming a trend of city traffic in the future. Due to the development of electric vehicle industry,charging station is an significant Infrastructure. The construction of charging facilities has become a bottleneck restricting the development of pure electric buses.For the construction of the charging station, the location and the scale of the construction will directly affect the operating efficiency of the charging station, the quality of service and the convenience of the service. Through a comprehensive analysis of the new energy charging pile industry, this paper will use the combination of theoretical research and financial estimation, summarize the research literature and the development of domestic and international charging pile project, analyses the charging station project market situation. From the perspective of strategy to the operation of a feasible, the principle of site selection, large outdoor to serve large electric buses, taxis, while small electric private owners to provide services, 2 hours charging circle electric car Charging station business plan. Through the integration of optimal allocation of resources, the project makes the project to be a higher efficiency and strong anti-risk ability. Keyword: charging station; business model; financial analysisIII 目录 摘要.............................................................................................................................................I Abstract .................................................................................................................................... II 第一章 绪论..............................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景与意义.............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 文献综述.......................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究方法.......................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 研究内容.......................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 本章小结.......................................................................................................................... 4 第二章 充电站市场分析..........................................................................................................5 2.1 国内充电站市场需求分析.............................................................................................. 5 2.1.1 中国新能源汽车发展概述....................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 国内充电站行业规模............................................................................................... 6 2.1.3 广州充电站市场需求............................................................................................... 6 2.2 国内充电站行业发展及现状.......................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 国内充电站行业发展阶段....................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 国内充电站行业的现状........................................................................................... 7 2.2.3 广州市充电站市场现状........................................................................................... 8 2.3 国内充电站市场政治环境及相关制度.......................................................................... 9 2.3.1 国内政治环境及广州市充电站市场政策............................................................... 9 2.3.2 国家相关标准.......................................................................................................... 9 2.4 充电站市场竞争结构分析.............................................................................................. 9 2.4.1 现有企业间竞争分析............................................................................................... 9 2.4.2 潜在进入者分析..................................................................................................... 10 2.4.3 供应商议价能力分析............................................................................................. 10 2.4.4 替代品威胁分析.................................................................................................... 10 2.5 本章小结........................................................................................................................ 10 第三章 充电站选址分析........................................................................................................11 3.1 充电站选址概述............................................................................................................ 11IV 3.1.1 广州已有充电站分布情况及运营情况................................................................. 11 3.1.2 国内外电动汽车公共充放电设施布局一览......................................................... 11 3.2 充电桩项目选址原则.................................................................................................... 13 3.2.1 国家发展规划要求................................................................................................. 13 3.2.2 充电站影响因素..................................................................................................... 13 3.2.3 充电站服务半径..................................................................................................... 16 3.3 广州新穗潭村充电站选址案例分析............................................................................ 17 3.3.1 项目背景................................................................................................................. 17 3.3.2 企业简介................................................................................................................. 17 3.3.3 新穗潭村充电站选址分析.................................................................................... 17 3.4 本章小结....................................................................................................................... 19 第四章 充电站项目战略规划与商业模式分析....................................................................20 4.1 项目发展目标与规划.................................................................................................... 20 4.2 市场定位与分析............................................................................................................ 20 4.2.1 集中式充停一体定位战略.......................................