Cyber Power Potential
of the Army’s Reserve
Component
Isaac R. Porche III, Caolionn O’Connell, John S. Davis II,
Bradley Wilson, Chad C. Serena, Tracy C. McCausland,
Erin-Elizabeth Johnson, Brian D. Wisniewski, Michael Vasseur
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Front cover photo by Sgt. Stephanie A. Hargett/U.S. Army
iii
Preface
Tis report documents research conducted as part of a study entitled
“Managing and Developing Reserve Component Capabilities in Sup-
port of the Army’s Cyber Force.” Te primary purpose of the study was
to conduct initial research on how to train, manage, and develop the
Army’s cyber force, with a specifc focus on the Army National Guard
and the U.S. Army Reserve.
In this report, we describe the availability of personnel with cyber
skills in the private sector and the number of “citizen-soldiers” avail-
able to support the Army’s cyber mission needs. Tis report will be of
interest to the entire reserve component, Congress, Army Cyber Com-
mand, and U.S. Cyber Command.
Tis research was sponsored by the U.S. Army National Guard;
the Ofce of the Chief, Army Reserve; and the U.S. Army Cyber
Center of Excellence and conducted within the RAND Arroyo Cen-
ter’s Personnel, Training, and Health Program. RAND Arroyo Center,
part of the RAND Corporation, is a federally funded research and
development center sponsored by the United States Army.
Te Project Unique Identifcation Code (PUIC) for the project
that produced this document is HQD156884.
v
Executive Summary
Te military services are formalizing and bolstering their contribution
to the nation’s cyber force, known as the U.S. Cyber Command Cyber
Mission Force. As a part of a Total Force approach, the Army is consid-
ering using both active component and reserve component (RC) per-
sonnel to fll the Cyber Mission Force and other requirements in sup-
port of Army units.
Tis report identifes the number of Army RC personnel with cyber
skills, to help identify ways in which these soldiers can be leveraged to
conduct Army cyber operations. Tis report also describes the broader
challenges and opportunities that the use of RC personnel presents.
To study this issue, we frst performed a thorough review of past
studies, government reports, and relevant literature. Next, we analyzed
data from the Civilian Employment Information database and the
Work Experience File database. We performed analyses of social media
data from LinkedIn profles, which include self-reported cyber skills
among reservists. Also, we reviewed and assessed the knowledge, skills,
and abilities (KSAs) defned for Cyber Mission Force roles in order to
determine the percentage of these KSAs that can be acquired in the
private sector. Finally, we conducted of a survey of more than 1,200
guardsmen and reservists.
Based on both quantitative and qualitative analyses, we fnd that
relevant information technology and cyber skills are in abundance in
the private sector. As a result, there are tens of thousands of “citizen-
soldiers”—that is, soldiers in the Army RC—who have the potential
to support the Army’s cyber mission needs or the propensity to learn
cyber skills.
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