摘要
独立学院产生于我国高等教育从精英化转向大众化阶段，前身为“国有民办
二级学院”，起源于 1999 年，正式确立概念于 2003 年，经过十余年的发展，已
经成为我国高等教育的重要组织部分。由于独立学院“公办民助”身份的特殊
性，一直备受争议，在发展过程中，出现了许多问题。独立学院想要在高等教育
体系中占有有利地位，关键在于能否按照教育部门的要求，培养出满足地方经济
社会发展需求的人才

2008 年教育部公布了《独立学院设置与管理办法》，文件中为独立学院设定
了 5 年的改革过渡期，2015 年又发布了关于地方普通本科高校向应用型大学转型
的文件，鼓励具备条件的普通本科高校向应用型大学转型。陕西省独立学院经过
多年的发展，其办学条件与办学定位均已具备培养应用技术型人才的潜力，比普
通本科院校和高职院校更加适合向应用型大学转型发展。独立学院的转型发展并
不仅仅是满足自身生存发展的需要，而是通过采取错位竞争的方式，提高独立学
院的核心竞争力，开辟出一条实现可持续发展的道路

论文以陕西省 12 所独立学院为研究对象，运用战略管理相关理论，借助战
略管理分析方法，对陕西省独立学院转型期的发展战略进行研究，制定出适合其
转型期发展的战略。首先，分析了陕西省独立学院转型期的专业设置、人才培
养、师资队伍、招生人数、在校生人数、社会声誉等内部环境，并采取 PEST 分
析方法对陕西省独立学院转型期所处的政治法律环境、经济环境、社会文化环
境、技术环境等宏观环境进行有效剖析，采用 SWOT 分析法对陕西省独立学院转
型期的优势、劣势、机遇和威胁进行分析；第二，应用主成分分析法对陕西省独
立学院转型期办学水平进行综合评价，分析出了两个影响独立学院排名的主成
分；第三，运用 SWOT 分析法与层次分析法相结合的方法，判定出陕西省独立学
院转型期发展应采取增长型战略；最后，从政府、独立学院、社会以及投资方这西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文
四个层面，提出陕西省独立学院转型期发展战略的对策建议，旨在建立政府政策
指导、独立学院主动作为、社会积极合作、投资方加大投资的联动机制，从而促
使陕西省独立学院朝着健康的方向持续发展

关键词：独立学院；转型期；发展战略；SWOT；层次分析法西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文
Research on the development strategy of Independent Colleges
during the transitional period
——Acase study of Independent Colleges in Shaanxi
Specialty: Business Administration
Name: Wang Ying
Instructor: Prof. Yongheng Fang
Abstract
The Independent Colleges is in the stage of China&39;s higher education from elite to
mass, its predecessor was state-owned civilian-run secondary college, originated in
1999, its concept was formally established in 2003, after more than ten years of
development, has become an important part of higher education in China. Because of
the special status of the Independent Colleges state-run & individual-sponsored, it has
been controversial, and there are many problems in the development process. If the
Independent Colleges want to occupy a favorable position in the higher education
system, the key lies in the ability to meet the needs of local economic and social
development according to the requirements of the education sector.
In 2008, the Ministry of Education announced the Establishment and Regulation
of Independent Colleges, which set up 5 years of reform transition period for
Independent Colleges. In 2015, the Ministry of Education issued a document on the
local undergraduate colleges and universities to the transformation of Applied
University, encourage qualified undergraduate colleges and universities to apply to the
transformation of the Applied University. After years of development, the school
conditions and school orientation of the Independent Colleges of Shaanxi province,
already have the potential to cultivate applied technical talents, and is more suitable for
the transition to the applied university development than ordinary undergraduate college
and higher vocational college. The transformation of Independent Colleges and
universities is not only to meet the needs of their own survival and development, but by西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文
adopt the method of dislocation competition, to improve the core competitiveness of
Independent Colleges, and open up a path to achieve sustainable development.
This paper takes 12 Independent Colleges in Shaanxi Province as the research
object, using strategic management theory and strategic management analytical method,
research on the development strategy of Shaanxi Independent Colleges during the
transition period, make out a strategy suitable for the development of its transition
period. First of all, this paper analyzes the internal environment of the Independent
Colleges in Shaanxi province during the transition period of the professional settings,
personnel training, teaching staff, planned enrollment number, school enrollment, social
reputation, then adopts the method of PEST analysis to effectively analyze the political
environment, economic environment, social and cultural environment, technical
environment and other macro environment of Independent Colleges in Shaanxi; then
adopts the method of SWOT analysis to analyze the advantages, disadvantages,
opportunities and threats of the Independent Colleges in Shaanxi during the transitional
period. Secondly, using the principal component analysis to comprehensively evaluate
the school-running level of the Independent Colleges in Shaanxi Province, analyzed two
main factors that influence the ranking of Independent Colleges. Thirdly, using the
method of SWOT analysis and analytic hierarchy process to determine the development
of Independent Colleges in Shaanxi province should take growth strategy. Finally, from
the four levels of government, Independent Colleges, society and investors, puts
forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the development of Independent
Colleges in Shaanxi, which aims at setting up the linkage mechanism of government
guiding policy, Independent Colleges taking positive action, society taking positive
cooperation, and investors increasing investment, so as to promote the healthy and
sustained development of Independent Colleges in Shaanxi Province.
Key words: Independent Colleges; transition period; SWOT; analytic hierarchy
process; development strategy西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文
I
目 录
1 绪论 ...... 1
1.1 研究背景..... 1
1.2 研究意义..... 3
1.2.1 理论意义 .......... 3
1.2.2 实践意义 .......... 3
1.3 国内外研究现状综述......... 4
1.3.1 国外研究现状综述 ...... 4
1.3.2 国内研究现状综述 ...... 5
1.3.3 研究现状评述 .. 6
1.4 研究内容与方法..... 7
1.4.1 研究内容与思路 .......... 7
1.4.2 研究方法 .......... 8
2 研究的相关理论及方法 ........ 11
2.1 相关核心概念界定.........
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