摘 要
我国是农业大国，“三农”问题关系着国家繁荣富强和长治久安。从上个世纪 80 年
代起，农村地区开始实行统分结合的家庭联产承包责任制，农村土地制度经历了 30 多
年的发展，已经不能适应生产力发展的要求，迫切需要改革。2003 年土地流转制度的实
施，标志着农业生产开始由土地小型化、细碎化的家庭承包经营模式向土地规模化、集
约化的规模经营模式发展。“允许农民以转包、出租、互换、转让、股份合作等形式流
转土地承包经营权，发展多种形式的适度规模经营”和“鼓励承包经营权在公开市场上
向专业大户、家庭农场、农民合作社、农业企业流转，发展多种形式的适度规模经营”
分别写进了十七届三中全会、十八届三中全会决定，表明了农业规模经营正是当前我国
农村改革的一个重大发展方向，农业规模经营经历了十几年的发展，已经初具一定规模，
但也存在着诸如土地流转无序、土地非粮化和生产经营融资困难等问题

我国农村金融体系建设落后，农业金融产品缺失，虽然建立有商业性、合作性等农
村金融机构，但从运作情况来看，其支持“三农”的意愿不足，更多以盈利性为目的，
如农村地区存贷比大幅低于城市地区，农村资金通过农村金融机构大量流入城市，致使
农业发展资金更加匮乏。受制于落后的农村金融体系，新型农业经营主体无法从现有的
金融体系获得充足的融资支持，为满足经营需要，只能转向非金融主体以民间借贷的方
式融资，大大增加了资金使用成本，显著降低了规模经营效益，制约了农业规模经营发
展

本文通过理论分析与实践研究相结合、案例分析、比较研究等方法，以河南省某农
业大县为基础，利用实地调查、走访座谈、调查问卷、信息搜集和数据处理的等方式，
深入了解农村土地流转、土地银行运作有关情况，运用金融学、管理学等相关理论对数
据资料进行深入系统的剖析，同时借鉴国外发达国家土地银行成熟的运作经验，对比分
析与国内土地银行的实践经验的相似点与不同点，并结合国内实际，研究基于土地流转
视角的土地银行运行机制。实践和发展面向农业规模经营的专业农村金融机构，即农村
土地银行，通过土地银行的平台作用解决规模经营过程中存在的土地流转无序、土地非
粮化等问题，并通过提供土地使用权抵押、土地债券等金融服务，融资支持新型农业经
营者，解决规模经营融资难题，助推农业规模经营快速发展

关键词：规模经营；农村土地银行；农村金融ABSTRACT
III
STUDY ON THE OPERATION MECHANISM OF
RURAL LAND BANK IN CHINA BASED ON
AGRICULTURAL SCALE MANAGEMENT
ABSTRACT
China is a large agricultural country, three rural issues related to national prosperity，
strong and long-term stability. Since the 1980s, the rural areas began to implement the system
by the combination of the household contract responsibility system, has experienced 30 years
of development, the rural land system can not meet the requirements of development of
productive forces, the urgent need for reform. The implementation of the land transfer system
in 2003, marking the agricultural production is initiated by small land and fragmentation of
household contract management mode to land on a large scale, intensive, scale of business
model development. Allowing farmers in the form of subcontract, lease, exchange, transfer,
share cooperation land contractual management rights, the development of various forms of
appropriate scale and encourage contractual management rights on the open market to
professional large family farms, farmer cooperatives, agricultural enterprises transfer, the
development of various forms of appropriate scale were written into the Third Plenary
session, eighteen Third Plenary session of the decision indicates that the current scale
management of agriculture is the major development of rural reform in China direction, scale
management of agriculture has experienced ten years of development, it has begun to take a
certain scale, but there are also problems such as chaotic land transfer, land and non-food
production and management and financing difficulties.
Chinas rural financial system construction lag, lack of agricultural financial products,
although the establishment of a commercial, cooperative and other rural financial institutions,
but the operation of the situation, the lack of support for the three rural willingness, more to
profit for the purpose of such as loan in rural areas than a low in urban areas, rural capital
through rural financial institutions large inflows of cities, resulting in agricultural
development funds become more scarce. Subject to backward rural financial system, new
agricultural business entities can not obtain adequate financing support from the existing
financial system, in order to meet operational needs, subject only to non-financial private
lending in the manner of financing, greatly increasing the cost of funds, significantly reducing
the scale of operational efficiency, restricted agricultural scale development.
Through theoretical analysis and practice of combining research , case studies,
comparative research methods to a large agricultural county in Henan province basis, using
field investigation , visits seminars, etc. questionnaire , information collection and data
processing , in-depth understanding of rural land transfer , land banking operations related to华北水利大学硕士学位论文
IV
the case , the use of the theory of finance , management and other data to analyze in depth the
system, at the same time learn from foreign countries land bank of mature operational
experience , similar to the comparative analysis and practical experience of domestic land
bank and differences , and combined with the actual , based on the perspective of the land
transfer land bank operation mechanism.Practice and development for the scale management
of agricultural professional rural financial institutions, rural land bank，through the land bank
of the platform to solve scale management of land circulation disorder, land non food and
other issues, and through the provision of land use right mortgage land bonds and other
financial services, financing support new agricultural operators to solve the financing
problems of scale, boost agricultural scale operation rapid development.
KEY WORDS:Rize Business；Rural Land Bank；Rural Finance目录
V
目 录
摘 要.....I
ABSTRACT ......... III
1. 绪论 ... 1
1.1 研究背景和意义..... 1
1.2 国内外研究综述..... 2
1.2.1 国外研究综述 ... 2
1.2.2 国内研究综述 ... 3
1.3 研究方法..... 5
1.4 思路的创新. 5
2. 有关概念及理论依据 . 7
2.1 有关概念..... 7
2.1.1 新型农业经营主体 ....... 7
2.1.2 土地流转 ........... 7
2.1.3 农业规模经营 ... 7
2.1.4 农村土地银行 ... 7
2.2 相关理论依据......... 8
2.1.1 产权理论 ........... 8
2.1.2 地租理论 ........... 8
2.1.3 规模经济理论 ... 8
2.1.4 土地市场理论 ... 9
2.1.5 蛛网理论 ........... 9
3. 农业规模经营与土地银行 ........ 11
3.1 农业规模经营的发展现状........... 11
3.1.1 土地流转情况 . 11
3.1.2 新型农业经营主体的发展状况 ......... 12
3.1.3 农业规模经营的资金需求 ..... 12
3.2 农业规模经营发展中存在的问题........... 13
3.2.1 缺少规范土地流转平台 ......... 13华北水利大学硕士学位论文
VI
3.2.2 规模经营融资困难 ..... 13
3.2.3 规模经营土地非粮化 . 13
3.2.4 农业机械化水平较低 . 14
3.3 农业规模经营的金融环境........... 15
3.3.1 农业财政投入少 ......... 15
3.3.2 农村资金外流多 ......... 16
3.3.3 农业金融服务发展滞后 ......... 17
3.4 发展农村土地银行的现实意义... 18
3.4.1 为规模经营提供金融服务 ..... 18
3.4.2 规范土地交易行为 ..... 19
3.4.3 促进农业现代化发展 . 19
3.4.4 系统降低农业生产风险 ......... 19
3.5 农村土地银行的一般模式........... 19
3.5.1 土地存贷模式 . 20
3.5.2 资金供给模式 . 20
4. 临颍土地银行的实证分析........ 21
4.1 样本县的情况介绍........... 21
4.1.1 基本情况 ......... 21
4.1.2 规模经营情况 . 21
4.1.3 新型农业经营主体贷款需求问卷调查 ......... 22
4.2 临颍土地银行的相关分析........... 23
4.2.1 土地银行的基本情况 . 23
4.2.2 土地银行的存贷地模式 ......... 23
4.2.3 土地银行的土地、资金运转模式 ..... 25
4.2.4 土地银行的行政、金融支持 . 25
4.2.5 土地银行的风险防控 . 26
4.3 临颍土地银行的运行实效........... 26
4.4 临颍土地银行存在的不足........... 26
4.4.1 土地融资功能发挥有限 ......... 27
4.4.2 融资渠道单一 . 27
4.4.3 业务模式风险较高 ..... 27目录
VII
5.国内土地银行发展局限的对比分析. 29
5.1 国外土地银行及台湾土地银行概述....... 29
5.1.1 德国土地银行.... 29
5.1.2 美国土地银行.... 29
5.1.3 台湾土地银行.... 29
5.2 对国内土地银行的发展启示....... 30
5.2.1 融资支持农村发展 ..... 30
5.2.2 以土地债券融资 ......... 30
5.2.3 去行政化运营 . 31
5.3 国内土地银行的发展局限分析 ... 31
5.3.1 相关法律的制约 ......... 31
5.3.2 土地价值难评估 ......... 32
5.3.3 土地交易市场不健全 . 32
5.3.4 农村社会保障较落后 . 32
5.4 相关政策建议....... 33
6. 国内土地银行的发展方向建议 .... 35
6.1 土地抵押... 35
6.1.1 土地使用权抵押的价值分析 .. 35
6.1.2 土地抵押的预期效果 . 36
6.1.3 土地抵押的约束条件 . 36
6.2 土地债券... 37
6.2.1 土地债券的作用 ......... 37
6.2.2 土地债券的定价模型 . 38
6.3 农机融资租赁....... 38
6.3.1 推进农业机械化 .......... 38
6.3.2 系统降低土地银行风险 ......... 39
结 语....41
致 谢....43
参考文献.451.绪论
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