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本文以长沙市为例，探讨了长沙市乡村旅游中农民创业素质的现状、影响因
素以及培育对策等问题。首先，通过梳理相关文献，界定相关概念，阐述了本文
的理论基础。然后，通过查阅相关资料与数据，分析了长沙市乡村旅游业的发展
现状，发现长沙市乡村旅游中农民创业意愿较强，且高学历者创业意愿强于低学
历。但是也存在着：农民创业知识相对匮乏、创业能力亟需提高，风险意识淡薄、
创业难以形成合力等问题。最后，通过实证调研，运用 SPSS 对数据进行因子分
析，发现影响农民创业素质培育的因素可归纳为个人因素和环境因素。个人因素
可分解为先前经验、个人特质和社会资本三维度；环境因素可分为政策支持、经
济基础、创业氛围、教育与培训四个维度。通过 AMOS 验证发现，这七个因子都
对农民创业素质培育起着正向影响作用。其中经济基础影响最为显著，其次是政
策支持与社会资本，然后是个人特质、教育与培训、创业氛围以及先前经验
为了提升农民创业素质，本文针对农民创业素质现状以及实证研究结果，构
建了一个较完整的农民创业素质培育体系：完善扶持政策、设施环境、园区项目
及孵化空间，建设农民创业素质培育的基础平台；以旅游市场为牵引，搭建农民
创业全方位云信息服务平台；以农民为主体，形成政府、农民自治组织、涉农企
业机构等多元协同的社会支持格局
关键词：长沙市；乡村旅游；农民创业素质；培育II
Abstract
In the wave of mass entrepreneurship and innovation,the rapid development of
the rural tourism and new technology make rural tourism entrepreneurship becoming
a popular profession.In addition,with the growing maturity of the farmers'
entrepreneurial conditions and the introduction of the preferential policies for the
farmers' entrepreneurship,the farmers have a unique advantage in the rural tourism.At
the same time,farmers’ quality is generally low and ability is weak,and that hinders
the pace of migrant workers entrepreneurship in a certain extent.Therefore,how to
cultivate the farmers' entrepreneurial quality in rural tourism is very important and
urgent.
Taking Changsha city as an example,this paper discussed the current
situation,influencing factors and cultivation countermeasures of farmers'
entrepreneurial qualities.First of all,through combing the literature and defining the
relevant concepts,this paper expounded the theoretical basis of this article.Then,by
reading relevant materials and data,it analyzed the current development of rural
tourism in Changsha city.Then,according to the result of questionnaire and
interview,it is found that the entrepreneurial intention of farmer in rural tourism is
stronger.But there are many problems,for example,Less entrepreneurial
knowledge,lower entrepreneurial ability,weak awareness of risk,the lower the
entrepreneurial competitiveness.Finally,through the empirical research and factor
analysis by using SPSS software,it is found that the influencing factors can be
summarized as personal factors and environmental factors.Personal factors include
previous experience,personal qualities and social capital.Environmental factors
include policy support,economic foundation,entrepreneurial climate,education and
training.Verification using AMOS software,we found that seven factors all play a
positive effect on farmers' entrepreneurship qualities.The economic foundation is the
most influential factor,followed by policy support ,social capital, personal
characteristics,education and training,entrepreneurial atmosphere and previous
experience.
In order to improve farmers' entrepreneurial quality,according to the current
situation of farmers' quality of entrepreneurship and the empirical results, this paper
constructs a farmer entrepreneurship quality complete training system:improving the
supporting policies,facilities,the park project and incubation space,constructing the
basic platform for the cultivation of farmers' entrepreneurial quality;with the tourism
market as the traction,building a full range of farmers entrepreneurial cloud
information service platform;with the farmers as the main body,the formation of
multiple cooperative social support pattern,including the government, farmers’
Self-government Organizations and agro-related enterprises.
Key Words: Changsha; Rural tourism; Entrepreneurial quality of the farmers;
CultivationIII
目 录
第 1 章 绪论..........1
1.1 选题背景和选题意义...1
1.1.1 选题背景.1
1.1.2 选题意义.2
1.2 国内外相关研究综述...2
1.2.1 乡村旅游相关研究........2
1.2.2 农民创业素质培育相关研究...4
1.2.3 乡村旅游与农民就业、创业研究.......6
1.2.4 乡村旅游与农民素质研究.......7
1.2.5 研究述评.7
1.3 研究内容及思路框架...7
1.3.1 研究内容.7
1.3.2 思路框架.8
1.4 研究方法与创新之处...9
1.4.1 研究方法.9
1.4.2 创新之处.9
第 2 章 相关概念与理论基础..10
2.1 相关概念界定..10
2.1.1 乡村旅游...........10
2.1.2 农民.......10
2.1.3 创业与创业素质..........10
2.1.4 农民创业素质..11
2.2 相关理论基础..11
2.2.1 新型职业农民理论......11
2.2.2 人力资本理论..12
2.2.3 创业动机理论..12
2.2.4 素质冰山模型..13
2.2.5 培训理论...........13
第 3 章 长沙市乡村旅游中农民创业素质培育的现状........14
3.1 长沙市乡村旅游发展现状.....14
3.1.1 长沙市乡村旅游资源概况.....14
3.1.2 长沙市乡村旅游发展历程.....15
3.1.3 长沙市乡村旅游发展模式.....16
3.2 长沙市乡村旅游中农民创业素质培育现状...........16IV
3.2.1 农民创业意识较强......16
3.2.2 农民创业知识相对匮乏.........17
3.2.3 农民创业能力亟需提高.........17
3.2.4 农民创业风险意识淡薄.........17
3.2.5 农民创业难以形成合力.........18
第 4 章 长沙市乡村旅游中农民创业素质培育的影响因素19
4.1 长沙市乡村旅游中农民创业素质培育的影响因素概念模型......19
4.2 长沙市乡村旅游中农民创业素质培育的影响因素实证调查过程......... 19
4.2.1 问卷设计...........19
4.2.2 问卷试测...........24
4.2.3 正式施测...........26
4.3 长沙市乡村旅游中农民创业素质培育的影响因素实证结果分析......... 26
4.3.1 调查对象基本情况分析.........26
4.3.2 问卷的信度、效度分析.........27
4.3.3 农民创业素质与其影响因素关系分析........30
第 5 章 长沙市乡村旅游中农民创业素质的培育策略........37
5.1 构建农民创业素质培育的基础平台38
5.1.1 健全农民创业扶持政策.........38
5.1.2 优化创客孵育基础设施环境.38
5.1.3 科学规划创业项目和园区.....38
5.1.4 精心设计创客孵化空间.........39
5.2 搭建农民创业云信息服务平台........41
5.3 打造多元协同的社会支持格局........41
第 6 章 总结与展望.......43
6.1 研究结论..........43
6.2 研究的局限性与研究展望.....44
参考文献....45
致 谢........49
附录 A 乡村旅游中农民创业素质培育的调查问卷. 50
攻读学位期间的主要研究成果..521
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