财务报表是企业经营活动的缩影,是传递会计信息的根据。根据《企业会计准

则第30号一一财务报表列报》的规定,财务报表是具有一定结构和格式的、定期

编制的用来反映企业财务状况、经营成果和现金流量的一种书面文件。$财务报表

由资产负债表、利润表、现金流量表、所有者权益变动表以及附注等组成。会计

信息使用者可以利用财务报表获取自己所需要的会计信息。值得注意的是财务报表

表面所提供的数字和文字,往往只能反映企业最基本的状况,甚至会计信息者若只

片面关注某些信息还容易被误导。因此,他们若想获得更全面更深层次的信息,除

了要会使用一些分析方法外,还要认识到财务报表本身的局限性和一些非正常影响

因素,综合企业自身的实际情况,对企业的真实状况做出系统周密的财务分析,以

便作出更加稳妥的决策。其中,掌握一定的分析方法和技巧,是会计信息使用者必

备的专业技能,也是会计信息使用者更容易掌控的一部分。

这种以企业的财务报表和相关资料为基础数据,采用一定的分析方法,利用财

务报表获取自己需要的会计信息,分析企业财务状况、经营成果和现金流量的变化

趋势及形成的原因,并对其作出综合评价的这种过程叫做财务报表分析。其最终

的目标是帮助会计信息使用者评估企业的发展潜力,预测企业未来的发展方向,为

会计信息使用者作出决策起了必不可少的重要作用。

论文主要分为五个部分,第一部分的绪论主要阐述了选题的背景和研宄意义;

财务报表分析的起源和发展;本文研宄目的、研宄内容和方法;第二部分介绍了财

务报表分析的相关概念,包括财务报表分析的分类、意义,财务报表分析中最常用

的几种分析方法。第三部分对苏宁云商集团股份有限公司财务报表进行了具体分析

与评价。包括盈利能力分析、偿债能力分析、营运能力分析、成长能力分析等。除

了介绍了各种指标的概念和计算方法外,根据苏宁的各个指标做了一一分析,并给

出了自己的评价。第四部分将苏宁和国美的财务指标进行了对比分析。全面的揭示

了苏宁的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量及与同行企业的对比,让苏宁的财务指标

更有说服力。第五部分是在以上分析的基础上,总结苏宁财务管理中存在的问题及

对策,希望对苏宁的发展有所帮助,并对其他企业提供一点借鉴作用。

关键词:苏宁云商集团股份有限公司;财务报表分析;国美;财务比率分析

硕士学位论文

MASTER'S THESIS

Abstract

Financial statements is a microcosm of the enterprise management activity, is the

basis of accounting message. According to the accounting standards for enterprises no.

30 - presentation of financial statements, which have a certain structure and format,

compiled on a regular basis to reflect the enterprise financial position, operating results

and cash flows of a written document, financial statements include the balance sheet,

income statement, the cash flow statement, statement of changes in owners1 equity, and

notes, etc. Accounting information users can take advantage of the financial statements to

obtain what they need accounting information. What have to pay attention is that the

financial statements provided by the Numbers and words, often can only reflect the basic

condition of the enterprise, even if accounting information only one-sided focus on

certain information is easy to be misled. Therefore, if they want to get a more

comprehensive and deeper information, in addition to use some analysis methods, and to

recognize the limitations of financial statement itself and some abnormal factors,

integrated the actual situation of the enterprise itself,a system to the real situation of the

enterprise of careful financial analysis, in order to make a more sound decision making.

Among them, master certain analysis method and the skill, is the necessary professional

skills,it is easier to control.

This on the basis of the enterprise's financial statements and related information data,

the adoption of a certain analysis method,using the financial statements to obtain his/her

needs of accounting information, analysis of enterprise financial position, operating

results and cash flow of the changing trends and reasons of the formation, and the make a

comprehensive evaluation of this process is called financial statement analysis. Its

ultimate goal is to help the accounting information users to evaluate the development

potential of the enterprise, predict the development direction of the future, for the

accounting information users decisions played an indispensable role.

Thesis mainly is divided into five parts, the first part mainly elaborated the selected

topic background, research significance and development. And in this paper, research

purpose, research contents and methods; The second part introduces the related concepts

of financial statement analysis, including the classification, the analysis of the financial

statements, financial statement analysis is one of the most commonly used several kinds

of analysis method. The third part is the core part of the whole thesis, namely group co.,

LTD. The financial statements of the Su Ningyun suppliers has carried on the detailed

analysis and evaluation. Including the profit ability, debt paying ability analysis,

operation ability, growth ability analysis, etc. In addition to the introduction of the

concept of the various index and calculation method, according to su ning report done

one by one analysis, and gives the evaluation of their own. The fourth part will suning

and gome carries out a comparative analysis on financial indicators. Comprehensive

reveals the suning's financial position, operating results and cash flows and the

comparison with peer enterprises, make suning financial indicators more convincing. The

fifth part is on the basis of the above analysis, summarize su ning in the financial

management problems and countermeasures, and hopes to be helpful to the development

of suning, and use for reference to other enterprises.

Key words: Su Ningyun business group co.,LTD., Financial statement analysis.

Gome. Financial ratio analysis

硕士学位论文

MASTER'S THBSIS

目录

M % i

Abstract ii

1.前

i

i.i课题背景及研宄意义
i

1.2财务报表分析的起源和发展
1

1.2.1财务报表分析的起源
1

1.2.2财务报表分析的典型学派
2

1.3本文的研究目标、内容及方法
3

1.3.1研宄目标
3

1.3.2研宄内容及方法
3

2.财务报表分析理论細
4

2.1财务报表分类及其作用
4

2.1.1资产负债表
4

2.12利润表
4

2.1.3现金流量表
4

2.1.4所有者权益变动表
4

2.1.5财务报表附表及附注
5

2.2财务报表分析的方法
5

2.2.1比较分析法
5

2.2.2因素分析法
5

3.苏宁云商集团股份有限公司财务报表的具体分析与评价
6

3.1公胃概况
6

3.1.1公司名称简介
6

3.1.2公司发展历程
6

3.2公司报表的分析
7

3.2.1资产负债表分析
7

32.2利润表分析
10

3.2.3现金流量表分析
13
MASTER'S THESIS

3.3公司财务比率分析
16

3.3.1盈利能力分析
16

3.3.2偿债能力分析
18

3.3.3营运能力分析
23

3.3.4成长能力分析
26

4.苏宁与国美财务报表对比分析
28

4.1苏宁与国美财务报表比较
28

4.1.1苏宁与国美财务报表资产负债表主要项目对比分析
28

4.1.2苏宁利润表主要项目与国美的对比分析
32

4.1.3苏宁与国美现金流流量净额主要指标对比分析
34

4.2苏宁与国美财务比率分析比较
35

4.2.1苏宁与国美盈利能力对比分析
35

4.2.2苏宁与国美偿债能力的比较
37

4.2.3苏宁与国美对比营运能力对比分析
40

4.2.4苏宁与国美财务报表成长能力对比分析
42

5.苏宁财务管理中存在的问题及对策
45

5.1存在的问题
45

5.1.1财务风险较高
45

5.1.2资产管理能力较低
45

5.1.3费用控制的较差
45

5.1.4资本结构不合理
46

5.1.5现金流量较畅通,但不够稳定
46

5.2对策建议
46

5.2.1偿债能力方面的对策建议
46 .

5.2.2资产管理能力方面的对策建议
47

5.2.3盈利能力方面的对策建议
47

5.2.4资本结构方面的对策建议
48

5.2.5 其他