关键词：小额信贷 农村信用社 调查分析I
摘 要
小额信贷从上个世纪 90 年代登上中国金融发展的历史舞台以来，为助推农
业发展、繁荣农村经济、提高农民收入做出了不可磨灭的贡献，正是由于小额
信贷的存在，才使得中国银行业资金的“大动脉”有了通往中国广大农村的“毛
细血管”，金融对经济发展的推动力才得以有效的惠及大量的农民和贫困者。作
为中国资产总规模最大、从业人员最多、网点覆盖最全的银行业金融机构，农
村信用社 10 多年来一直扮演着开展小额信贷业务主力军的角色。小额信贷业务
为农村信用社的提供了一次涅槃重生的机会；农村信用社为小额信贷发挥优势
提供了最好的舞台。小额信贷业务在 90 年代适时出现，让农村信用社从当时深
陷乡镇企业危机中找到了业务发展的突破口，重新得到了社会各界的高度重视；
农村信用社全面的网点覆盖、充沛的人力资源、熟悉的市场环境为小额信贷快
速渗透到农村，解决困扰多年的“三农”问题提供了有力的金融支持。经过 10
多年的发展，随着自身体制机制的不断完善、国家相关配套政策的不断跟进、
农村经济的长足发展，农村信用社在小额信贷业务方面积累了丰富的经验、取
得了瞩目的成果。但是，从近年来不断涌现出来的新情况和新问题来看，小额
信贷业务金额小、笔数多等固有问题仍困扰着农村信用社的长远发展和稳健经
营。由于政府职能转变、相关配套设施不到位、监管部门的粗放式管理以及自
身对小额信贷业务风险预防、监测、化解、处置能力弱化，农村信用社开展小
额信贷业务的积极性不断下降。农村金融市场小额信贷业务尖锐的供需矛盾和
不完善的机制带来的负面效应给考验着每一个金融工作者。作为一名在农村金
融市场多年的银行业从业人员，笔者对农村信用社开展小额信贷业务给予了高
度的关注，并结合自身的工作与元谋县相关单位和部门进行广泛的数据收集和
整理，并对近年来地方政府以及相关单位与小额信贷有关的政策和制度进行了
归类和整理。通过调查分析，小额信贷业务目前存在的问题既有与生俱来的劣
根性，也有农村信用社在新形势下没有实时调整机制和经营策略的原因，更有
政府和相关部门对小额信贷的认识不深刻、政策不完善的问题。在农村市场旺
盛的小额信贷需求下，我们必须要“群策群力，齐抓共管”，发挥好每一个角色
的作用，才能健康持续的推动小额信贷业务的发展：农村信用社要进一步完善Abstract
Microfinance from the 1990s boarded the stage of history of China's financial
development has been to boost agricultural development and prosperity of the rural
economy and increase farmers' income has made an indelible contribution , precisely
because of the presence of micro-credit only makes the Chinese banking sector funds
arteryWith access to China 's vast rural areas ,capillary, the financial driving
force for economic development was able to effectively benefit a large number of
farmers and the poor . Total assets as China 's largest , employing the largest
network covering most comprehensive banking financial institutions , rural credit
cooperatives 10 years has played a major force to carry out the role of micro-credit
operations . Microfinance for rural credit cooperatives provided an opportunity to
Nirvana rebirth ; rural credit cooperatives to play to our strengths microfinance
provides the best arena. Microfinance business in the 1990s appear in due course , so
that rural credit cooperatives was bogged down from township enterprises in crisis to
find a breakthrough in the development business , to regain the community 's
attention ; rural credit cooperatives comprehensive network coverage , abundant
human resources , familiar with the market environment for the rapid penetration of
microfinance to rural areas to address the troubled years of theThree Rural Issues
provides a strong financial support . After 10 years of development , with the
continuous improvement of its own institutional mechanisms , the relevant
supporting policies continue to follow-up , the rapid development of the rural
economy , rural credit cooperatives in the microfinance business has accumulated a
wealth of experience , and achieved remarkable results . However, in recent years,
emerging out of the new situation and new problems of view, a small amount of
microcredit operations , many other items are still plagued by problems inherent in
long-term development of rural credit cooperatives and sound operation . Since
transformation of government functions , related facilities are not in place , the
regulatory authorities extensive management and business risks of microfinance
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