中文摘要
厕所通俗的说法是茅房，文雅一点称之为“方便之地”，古往今来被人们谈
论。近百年来随着现代文明的推进，厕所问题已被列入城市基础建设与运营管理
的重要课题，是衡量城市基础设施水平的尺度之一，是反映社会文明进步程度的
重要标志，是树立城市形象的重要窗口。合理规划布局城市公共厕所、加快公厕
建设步伐、全面提高公厕管理水平既是广大市民和中外游客的强烈要求，又是建
设北京现代化国际大都市的迫切需要。

为加快公共基础设施建设，提高其建设和管理的标准和水平是目前北京亟待
解决的一个重要课题。2010 年作为民主党派代表，我参与了北京城市系统工程
研究中心公厕项目课题组，展开了大量的调研和理论研究，与此同时我还参加了
天津大学高级工商管理(EMBA)的学习，通过研究和调研我们发现，随着市容改革
力度的加大，北京市打破公益性事业由政府一家包办的整体格局，引进竞争机制
和多渠道融资的机制，使企业和社会共同参与公厕事业这一举动十分必要。在公
厕建设和管理方面，政府责任重大，为企业创造一个良好的投资发展环境，搭建
一个能够公平竞争的有关行政、法律、经济等政策平台，是北京市公厕建设和管
理重要课题。

在介绍厕所发展历史的前提下，本文首先，介绍了厕所的基本概念和特许经
营的基本理论。其次，回顾了北京厕所的历史，分析了厕所建设和管理的现状。

再次，分析了北京厕所建设和管理中的问题，对部分地区采取特许经营方式建设
管理厕所进行了利弊分析。最后，论述了引入市场机制解决厕所问题的必要性和
可行性，提出了北京厕所建设和管理具体的对策，并做出了结论。

关键词：公厕建设，北京市，公共管理ABSTRACT
Toilet, the informal saying of which is “latrine”, while the elegant saying is
“place for convenience”, has been discussed from old times. In recent century, as
the modern civilization has been greatly developed, toilet issue had been listed as a
key research task for city’s infrastructure construction and operation management,
and it is one of the key aspects to measure the infrastructure level of a city, an
important symbol to reflect the level of social civilization development, as well as the
main window of the city. Planning the public toilets rationally, accelerating the
construction of public toilets and improving the management capacity are from the
great need of citizens and visitors, and also the requirement of constructing a
modern and international Beijing.
In order to speedup the construction of infrastructure, improving the standard
of construction and management are important issues to be addressed for Beijing. In
2010, I, as the representative of Democratic Party, participated in the public toilet
project research group of “Beijing City System Project Institute”, and did a lot of
Investigation and research. In the mean time I attended the EMBA course of Tianjin
University. After investigation and research, we found that as the increase of reform
strength for the image of the city, it is important for Beijing breaking the old tradition
that public non-profit undertaking was only controlled and operated by government,
and also essential for importing competition and multi-channel financing
mechanisms, to encourage the enterprises and public to participate in the public
toilet issue. From the angle of construction and management of public toilet,
governments take main responsibility. Creating a good environment for enterprises
to invest and develop, and establishing a fair policy platform for administration, law
and economy, are very important research tasks for Beijing’s public toilet
construction and management.
In course of toilet history and development. First, expound fundamental theory