CHAPTER 1A Preview of Statistics                                                            Outline☆1.1 History of Statistics     1.2 What is Meant by Statistics     1.3 Why Study Statistics    1.4 Data and Statistics 1.1  History of Statistics “Statistics”  originate from:   Status (Latin)        State  (Greek)           Stato  ( Italian) 1.1  History of Statistics Two meanings in Statistics: A scientific procedure used in the study and evaluation of numeric data. Numeric data, when used as plural of statistic. 1.1  History of Statistics Schools of thought: Descriptive Political Arithmetic Probability Schools of thought Descriptive  17-18 Century   Germany:  Conring                       Achenwall----the first to forward “ statistics”   only comparative adjectives are used  in their analysis. Schools of thought Political Arithmetic: 17th Century England:  John Graunt                   William Petty The development of knowledge known as statistics. Demographic data,  data of insurance company, mortality tales Schools of thought Probability:17th Century France:  Pascal &  Fermat               ----permutation and combination analysis Switzerland:  Bernoulli----law of large numbers France: De Moivre----central  limited theory             Laplace, Guass Schools of thought Modern Statistics:  19th Century Belgium: Quetelet----the first to  demonstrate that statistics techniques can be used in most areas such as biology , economics etc. Other famous statisticians: Pearson,  Fisher, Neyman, Spearman, Bayes   1.2 What is Meant by Statistics? Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions. What is Meant by Statistics? Collection of data The process of obtaining measurements or counts.               ----Chapter 2 Data Collection   ........