坦桑利亚是一个经济快速发展的国家,由此引来了众多国外投资者的关注。

这也进一步导致该国组织中出现了来自不同国家和地区的员工。在这种多文化的

组织中,为了组织的利益,员工会实施一些违背社会道德的非伦理行为,并且这

种现象越来越突出。本文拟对上级的亲组织非伦理行为与下属的非伦理行为关系

进行探讨。我们的基本假设是,当上级实施这种有利于组织但却仍然是非伦理的

行为时,下属也可能会受到影响而实施非伦理行为。

进一步地,该研究也将探讨上级亲组织非伦理行为、下属道德认同以及长期

导向文化价值观的关系。具体而言,本研究根据社会学习理论,认为下属的道德

认同会在上级亲组织非伦理行为与下属非伦理行为之间起到中介作用;同时,下

属的长期导向文化价值观会调节上级亲组织非伦理行为与下属非伦理行为之间的

关系。

本研究采用了问卷调查的方法来验证上述假设。样本来自于坦桑利亚私有和

公共部门的158名下级和49名上级(配对)。该研究采用了相关分析和回归分析

法。对数据分析的结果表明,上级的亲组织非伦理行为与下属的非伦理行为之间

存在正相关关系。而且,下属的道德认同会中介上述这种关系,且受到长期文化

价值观的调节影响。

根据上述研究结果发现,上级的亲组织非伦理行为确实存在于坦桑利亚的各

类组织中,并且对下属的非伦理行为有实质性的影响。在今后的研究中,需要在

不同时间点收集数据,并进一步扩大调查的样本量。对于组织而言,未来也需要

进一步检验员工的非伦理行为会在多大程度上阻碍上组织的发展,以及我们该采

用哪些措施来解决该问题,以促进坦桑利亚组织进步。

关键词:上级亲组织非伦理行为,下级非伦理行为,道德认同,长期文化价

值观

ABSTRACT

Tanzania is one among the countries in the world which its economy is growing too

fast, leading the attraction and receiving more foreign investors. This has enabled the

formation of different organizations with people from different countries and

civilizations. Due to this situation, there is an emergency and increase of unethical

behaviors in different organization conducted in order to maintain and protect the interest

of the organization even if it will cost and violate the social accepted norms. The primary

inspiration of this survey study is to analyze the extent to which Leaders' unethical pro-

organization behavior (UPB) is related to subordinates' unethical behavior (UB). This

means how leaders5 unethical behaviors which are meant to benefit the organizations,

regardless of its effects in the community around have the influence in subordinates'

general behavior.

Also,the study will explore the relationship between leaders' unethical pro-

organizational behavior and subordinates, moral identity, and long term orientation of the

culture. Specifically, the study will assess the mediating function of moral identity in the

relationship between leaders' unethical pro-organizational behavior and subordinates'

unethical behavior. On the other hand, it will examine the moderating role of Long term

orientation to leaders’ unethical pro-organizational behavior and subordinates' unethical

behavior.

Drawing from Social learning theory, the study makes the hypothesis that, leader

unethical pro-organization behavior will positively relate to subordinates unethical

behavior. Also, it is speculated that, the relationship between leaders' unethical pro-

organizational behavior to subordinate's unethical behavior will be mediated by moral

identity. Furthermore, people in short term orientation will do more unethical behaviors.

Then, the short-term orientation of the culture will moderate the relationship between

leaders' UPB and subordinates UB.

The information was gathered from a sum of 158 subordinates and 49 Managers

from private and public sectors in Tanzania. The hypothesis of this study was tested

using the correlation and regression analysis. The outcomes of the study demonstrated

that,there is positive relationship between leaders' UPB and subordinates UB. Also,

indicated that moral identity will mediate the relationship between leader UPB and

subordinates UB. Nevertheless, short-term orientation will moderate the relationship

between leaders' UPB and subordinates UB and people in short term orientation will do

more unethical behavior

Therefore, due to that result, the survey concluded that leaders' unethical pro-

organizational behavior does exist in different organization in Tanzania and have

substantive effects of the subordinates' ethical behaviors. It was suggested that, more

longitudinal empirical researches with large sample have to be conducted in order to

ascertain to what extent does leader UPB affects the subordinates' ethical behavior and

whether leaders are mindfiil of these effects. It was also proposed that the empirical study

have to be conducted to examine to what extent these behaviors (UPB) may jeopardize

the organizational life in the future, and what measures should be put into consideration

in order to settle this situation for good future of Tanzania.

Key Words: Leader Unethical pro-Organizational Behavior,Subordinates

Unethical Behavior,Moral Identity and Long Term orientation