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摘 要为应对国际金融危机余波的影响,我国政府继续实施宽松的货币政策和优惠“三农”政策。农村信用社的信贷规模进一步扩大,同时,农村信用社也面临更大的信贷风险挑战。信贷风险集中暴露的环节是贷后管理。因此,提高贷后管理能力,及时发现、识别风险,并有效防范、化解、处置风险,从而保证资产的安全性、流动性、效益性,关系到农村信用社的生存与发展。贷后管理能力的提高,有赖于贷后管理体系的良好运行。涟源农村信用社贷后管理存在诸多不足,需要优化其管理体系。本文首先分析了国内外相关的大量文献资料,总结归纳了现有金融企业贷后管理的相关理论和研究成果,并在此基础上深入分析了涟源农村信用社贷后管理的现状、问题及问题的原因,然后提出了其贷后管理体系优化的方案和实施的措施。本文认为涟源农村信用社贷后管理:观念淡薄,导致“重贷轻管轻收”;组织架构不完善,流程不畅,致使管理乏力;激励机制不健全,导致执行力差;内容不精细,方法简单,产生管理盲点;技术落后,导致效率低下,成本增高;信息不对称和客户不配合,引发信用风险扩大。根据研究结果,本文认为提高涟源农村信用社贷后管理能力的主要出路在于优化其贷后管理体系,并配以强有力的措施保证实施。这样才有可能提高涟源农村信用社的贷后管理能力,实现自身的健康、可持续发展。另外,涟源市农村信用社贷后管理的优化方案对全国农村信用社具有参考价值。关键词: 信贷风险,贷后管理,体系优化AbstractTo cope with the international financial crisis aftermath, the Chinese governmentcontinues to implement the loose monetary policies and preferential threeagriculture policy.The rural credit cooperatives credit to further expand the scale, atthe same time, the rural credit cooperatives are faced with greater challenges of creditrisk.Concentration of credit risk exposure is the link of management afterloan.Therefore, to improve the ability of management after loan, find, identify risks ina timely manner, and effectively prevent, resolve, disposal of risk, so as to ensure theasset safety, liquidity, efficiency, related to the survival and development of ruralcredit cooperatives.increasing the management after loan helps the good running ofpost loan management system. Lian yuan Rural Credit Cooperatives LoanManagement has many problems,and need to optimize the management system.This paper first analyzes the literatures at home and abroad, and summarizes theexisting financial enterprise credit management related theory and researchresults.Based on the in-depth analysis of the reasons for the current situation,problems and the management of Lian yuan Rural Credit Cooperatives Loan.Plan andimplement have proposed to improve the post loan management system .This paper believes that the concept of the Lianyuan Rural Credit CooperativesLoan Management is very dimanization structure is not perfect and the process isnot smooth ,which results in poor management; incentive mechanism is notperfect,which results in poor execution;the content is not fine and the method issimple and the management of the blind spot and backward technology, which leadsto low efficiency; high cost and information asymmetry and customers do not match,which causes credit risk expansion.According to the research results, this paper considers that the main way toimprove the management capacity of rural credit cooperatives in Lian yuan after theloan is to optimize the post loan management system, and with strong measures toensure the implementation . So it is possible to improve the management ability ofLian yuan Rural Credit Cooperatives Loan, to realize the sustainable development in ahealth way. In addition, the optimization scheme of management of Rural CreditCooperatives Loan of Lian yuan city has the reference value to the rural creditcooperatives.Key words: The credit risk;Management after loan;System optimization第 1 章 绪论1.1 选题背景及意义1.1.1 选题背景2008 年美国引发的“金融海啸”至今还在影响世界,全球经济在低迷中徘徊。美、日、欧盟 GDP 年平均増速在 2%左右。为应对金融危机的影响,我国政府采劝稳增长、调结构、促内需”的宏观调控,实施积极的财政货币政策和优惠“三农”的政策。农业、农村的经济发展比以往任何时候更受重视,与此同时,农村金融比以往更得到关注。作为农村金融主力军的农村信用社,业务规模迅速扩大。据湖南省农村信用社联合社娄底办事处的数据统计,截至 2013 年 3 月末,娄底市农村信用社各项存款余额达到 198.23 亿元,比上年末增加 18.25 亿元;各项贷款余款达到 116.26 亿元,比上年末增长 6.83 亿元。存、贷款规模均居全市金融机构第 2 位。然而,信贷风险仍然较大,且更具隐蔽性。截至 2013 年 3 月末,全市农村信用社不良贷款余额、不良贷款率虽然实现了“双降”,但不良贷款余额仍然有 18.95 亿元,不良率仍高达 16.3%,且目前不良贷款有前清后增之势。面对较高的“不良”和激烈的市场竞争,农村信用社必须加强全面风险管理。信贷风险是其主要风险,信贷风险的集中暴露环节是贷后管理。因此,加强贷后管理,提高贷后管理能力,既是实现“双降”的迫切要求,也是增强农村信用社核心竞争力的重要内容。1.1.2 研究的意义贷后管理是信贷管理的重要环节,是防范信贷风险的最后防线,加贷后管理是最大限度控制不良贷款的重要手段。然而对贷后管理因思想认识淡薄,组织机构不完善,执行力不到位,农村信用环境差等原因,农村信用社不良贷款余额大,占比高,历史包袱沉重,经营步履艰难。笔者目前工作的湖南省涟源市农村信用社,截至 2012 年 12 月末,不良贷款仍有 66649.5 万元,不良率占比为 16.3%,且不良贷款前清后增压力非常之大。笔者以湖南涟源农村信用社贷后管理体系为研究对象,以所学相关理论、知识、技能为指导,对其信贷贷后管理现状存在的问题以及问题的原因进行分析,研究、探讨优化贷后管理体系的目标、原则、组织架构、流程、内容、方法、和优化的措施等。其主要意义在以下几个方面。(1)理论意义:本论文通过对涟源农村信用社贷后管理的分析研究,对贷后管理理论的完善,有一定的补充作用。(2)理论验证意义:将所学相关理论运用于实践、通过实践对相关理论进