摘要
二战之后融资租赁于美国起源，它的出现将传统的租赁业务与金融结合，通过
租赁物件作为载体，通过所有权的转移的方式达到融资目的一种交易行为。随着时
间的推移其不断发展，目前已成为世界上第二大融资方式仅次于银行。

自 1981 年开始，融资租赁自国外流入我国，经过约 30 余年的时间发展与历
练，在近十年的时间中融资租赁取得了巨大的变化和发展，其中在基础建设领域，
融资租赁成了广大施工企业的中长期的债务融资中的重要选择方向。但是目前融资
租赁行业针对基础建设，路桥市政的施工行业及其相关的上下游企业的融资风险研
究还十分有限，因此从理论与实践探讨融资租赁公司如何做好在基础建设领域相关
业务的风险管控工作就有了其相当的意义。

本文通过融资租赁公司的视角，针对基础建设领域中的施工企业的经营现状，
研究了在面向施工类企业的融资租赁业务中，所会面临的风险，并对相关的风险管
控手段做了相应的思考。文章以传统风险管理理论为指导，通过对建设类融资租赁
业务需求大，周期长等特点的分析,对于其目前所存在的信用，租赁物件等风险特
征及防范问题做了阐述,同时分析了建设施工行业中存在的不良资产率、负债率较
高的问题与融资租赁业务特点提出了重经营实质，重担保的风险管理思路，并结合
部分 YD 公司建设行业融资租赁出险案例，详细探讨了融资租赁建设业务的风险管
理手段与风险防范的理念。最后通过对管理手段与风险防范理念的总结提出了“天、
地、人”的风险管控模型，并对如何做好项目风险预判从外部，内部，系统解决方
案等方向提出了以下一些自己的建议: 首先要树立风险意识,相信证据；其次要建
立整体框架；建立内部操作规范；最终还要落实到提高人员的经验及能力的方向上。

关键词：融资租赁；基础建设；施工企业；风险管控
III
Abstract
After World War II financial leasing originated in the United States, the appearance
combined the traditional leasing business with finance, by using the leasing object as a
carrier, to achieve the purpose of financing transactions by way to transfer the ownership.
Over time, with continuous development, the financial leasing has become the world&39;s
second-large financing method after bank.
Since 1981, the financial leasing entered from overseas, after about 30 years of
development and experience time, in these ten years, the financial leasing business made
a tremendous changes and development, including in the field of infrastructure, financial
leasing became one of the most important choice for majority construction corporation in
long-term debt financing. But now the financial leasing research in risk management,
especially in the industry and infrastructure corporation, road and bridge construction and
its related enterprises is still very limited, so do some explore on finance leasing risk
management in the field of infrastructure related business both on the theory and practice,
will have considerable significance.
In this paper, through the view of financial leasing companies, against the current
operating situation of construction enterprises in the field of infrastructure, and research
the risks in operating financial leasing business with construction enterprises, and have a
deeply thought on how to control the risks. Taking the guide of traditional risk
management theory, through analyzed large demand and Long - period characteristics of
financial leasing business in the field of the construction, and giving my views according
to the risk characteristics in construction enterprises’ credit and leasing object, about its
current existence and related issues, and also analyzed the issues such as high debt ratio
exist in construction industry combined with the feature of financial leasing business
give the thought on risk management, combined with some financial leasing case
analysis from the YD company in construction industry , discussed in detail the concept
of financial leasing business in construction industry about the risk management toolsand risk
prevention. Finally, through prevention tools and risk management concept to
summarize and proposed Heaven, Earth and Man risk control model, and how well to
predict the project risk from the direction of external, internal, system solutions put
forward some recommendations of them: First, establish the sense of risk, believe the
evidence; secondly establish the framework of risk management system; establish
internal operation specifications; eventually be implemented in the direction of
improving staffs’ experience and capabilities on risk management.
Keywords: Financial leasing; Construction industry; The construction corporation; Risk
management
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 本文研究的背景
融资租赁是指出租人根据承租人对租赁物件的特定要求和对供货人的选择，出
资向供货人购买租赁物件，并租给承租人使用，承租人则分期向出租人支付租金，
在租赁期内租赁物件的所有权属于出租人所有，承租人拥有租赁物件的使用权。租
期届满，租金支付完毕并且承租人根据融资租赁合同的规定履行完全部义务后，对
租赁物的归属没有约定的或者约定不明的，可以协议补充；不能达成补充协议的，
按照合同有关条款或者交易习惯确定，仍然不能确定的，租赁物件所有权归出租人
所有。

作为一种在中国市场新兴的资金融通方式，各类融资租赁公司正如雨后春笋一
般的成立起来，融资租赁已经越来越快的进入到了我国各大行业的运作之中，包括
医疗，教育，航运，建设，纺织，印刷等等各类关乎我国国计民生的支柱产业。为
了让融资租赁业务能够成为对于国家建设有利的一个工具，因此无论是对于融资租
赁公司或者承租人来说如何在得到资金融通的同时如何对潜在风险尽可能的进行
有效的控制避免产生不良后果都是极其重要的。因此对于其项目风险管理理论以及
实践经验的研究都是具有借鉴作用的。

1.2 本文研究的意义和目的
（一）风险管理对企业的意义
（1）风险管理有利于维持企业生产经营的稳定。有效的风险管理，可使企业充
分了解自己所面临的风险及其性质和严重程度，及时采取措施避免或减少风险损
失，或者当风险损失发生时能够得到及时补偿，从而保证企业生存并迅速恢复正常
的生产经营活动。

（2）风险管理有利于提高企业的经济效益。一方面通过风险管理，可以降低企
业的费用，从而直接增加企业的经济效益；另一方面，有效的风险管理会使企业上
下获得安全感，并增强扩展业务的信心，增加领导层经营管理决策的正确性，降低