文本描述
学校代码10125专业代码1202Z1
硕士学位论文
题目研发费用加计扣除政策调整效果研究
——基于增量效应的视角
姓名刘璐
专业财务管理
研究方向公司治理与研发管理
所属学院会计学院
指导教师贺亚楠
二〇二四年五月三十一日
University Code 10125Major Code 1202Z1
Shanxi University of Finance &Economics
Thesis for Master’s Degree
Title Research on the Adjustment Effect
of the Policy of Additional Deduction for
R&D Expenses--Based on the perspective of
incremental effect
Name Liu Lu
Major financial management
Research Orientation Corporate governance
and R&D Management
School College of accounting
Supervisor He Y N
May 31,2024
山西财经大学硕士学位论文
摘要
科技与创新是促进产业发展的核心战略,是提升企业竞争力的重要力量,研
究与开发投入则是推动创新的重要供给要素。由于创新本身存在周期长、不可逆、
失败率高的特点,仅靠市场无法使企业R&D 投入达到最优,同时R&D 也具有高
投入性、正外部性、其产出超过专利保护期后就成为公共产品等特点,导致企业
往往在研发活动中存在短视投资行为,因此各国政府普遍使用税收优惠政策等“有
形之手”来进行干预,其最终目的是为了激发企业的创新行为,因此科学评价创
新导向税收激励政策对研发投入的增量效应对于政策的执行和完善至关重要。研
发费用加计扣除政策是一项重要的创新激励政策,其通过增加可抵扣的研发费用
额,从而减轻企业的所得税税负,来刺激企业增加创新活动。近年来,政府逐渐
增加对这一政策的使用频率。那么研发激励政策是否会引起企业新增研发活动?
其程度如何?
基于以上分析,本文在概述政策背景和意义的基础上,对国内外相关税收优
惠政策效果进行综述,在信号传递理论、市场失灵理论和创新理论的基础上提出
假设,采用倾向得分匹配方法对样本偏差进行处理,从而获取政策的净效应,并
探讨研发费用加计扣除政策的投入增量效应以及内外部影响因素,构建增量分析
模型来对政策的激励作用进行论证,并得出以下结论:首先,运用沪深A 股上市
公司2017和2018年的数据,在增量概念评估框架的基础上,实证分析研发费用
加计扣除政策的创新投入激励作用。研究发现:政策调整会促进企业增加研发投
入。具体表现为政府每免征1元的税收,企业就会额外增加2.20元的研发投入。
其次,考虑影响政策发挥作用的条件。外部因素主要包括市场竞争程度和区域效
应。研究结果表明,高行业集中度(也就是竞争水平较低)的企业在受到政策调
整刺激后,其研发投入增长并不明显;而处于较低的行业集中度(也就是竞争水
平较高)的企业其研发投入增加的幅度却很明显。这表明,对于行业集中度较低
的企业,政府的相关政策更能起到激励和导向的效果。东部地区企业的研发投入
对政府刺激措施的响应更加敏感。在外部影响因素方面,政策所传递出的信号体
现在释放企业创新质量潜在信息、提升外部投资者的认可、引导优势资源的聚集;
内在因素考虑了行业特征,通过对行业进行分组发现,技术密集型的企业更容易
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研发费用加计扣除政策调整效果研究——基于增量效应的视角
受到政策的激励引导,而资本密集型和劳动密集型企业则没有明显激励效果,说
明技术密集型企业受政府的政策激励作用更强。最后,进一步对行业和地区进行
细分,分析了加计扣除的研发投入增量在不同行业和地区之间的差异。
本文的创新点分为以下几个方面:(1)不同于以往的研究,本文动态跟踪政
策近期调整,利用双重差分法深入研究新政与激励效应之间的关系,科学估计了
2018年加计扣除政策对扣除率的调整所带来的增量效应。(2)本文将增量效应分
析框架与PSM-DID 方法结合,能相对较好地处理内生性问题,也能构成对因果关
系的有效识别。同时,本文利用政策变更为契机,基于反事实计量的研究框架,
估计享受政策组与假定其未受到政策调整干预的差异,并构建了研发投入增量指
标,具体测度加计扣除政策对企业研发投入方面带来的实际贡献。(3)结合企业
的异质性因素,考察了加计扣除政策效应在不同行业特征、不同市场竞争程度和
不同地区企业间的差异,拓展了政策激励效应的研究视角,对研发费用加计扣除
政策的完善具有一定的政策参考价值。
关键词:研发费用加计扣除;政策调整;研发投入;增量效应;异质性
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山西财经大学硕士学位论文
ABSTRACT
Science and technology and innovation are the core strategy for promoting
industrial development and an important force for enhancing the competitiveness of
enterprises,while R&D investment is an important supply factor for promoting
innovation.Due to the innovation itself has a long cycle,irreversible,high failure rate
characteristics,only rely on the market can not make the enterprise R&D investment to
reach the optimal,at the same time,R&D also has a high input,positive externality,the
output of its more than the patent protection period will become a public product and so
on,leading to enterprises often in the R&D activities in the existence of short-sighted
investment behavior,so the governments of various countries generally use tax
incentives to intervene in the "tangible hand",its ultimate goal is to promote the
competitiveness of enterprises.Therefore,governments generally use tax incentives and
other "tangible hand"to intervene,and its ultimate goal is to stimulate the innovation
behavior of enterprises,so the scientific evaluation of the incremental effect of
innovation-oriented tax incentives on R&D investment is crucial for the implementation
and improvement of the policy.The policy of additional deduction for R&D expenses is
an important innovation incentive policy,which incentivizes companies to innovate
more by increasing the amount of research and development expenses they can deduct
and reducing corporate income tax.In recent years,the frequency of the government's
use of this policy has been gradually increasing.So does the R&D incentive policy
cause enterprises to add new R&D activities?What is its extent?
Based on the above analysis,on the basis of an overview of the policy background
and significance,this paper summarizes the effects of relevant domestic and foreign
preferential tax policies,proposes hypotheses on the basis of signal transmission theory,
market failure theory and innovation theory,and adopts propensity score matching
method to deal with sample bias,so as to obtain the net effects of policies.The
incremental effect of R&D expense plus deduction policy as well as the internal and
external influencing factors are discussed.The incremental analysis model is
constructed to demonstrate the incentive effect of the policy,and the following
conclusions are drawn:Firstly,using the data of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed
companies in 2017and 2018,based on the incremental concept evaluation framework,
the paper empirically-analyzes the incentive effect of R&D expense plus deduction
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