I 摘要 当前国际经济形势复杂多变，自2015年开始，我国经济增速逐年放缓，目前稳定 经济增长已经成为我国发展的首要工作。在我国经济社会中，小微企业在整体经济中占 有特殊地位，小微企业的发展对增加就业、改善民生、增加进出口、促进创新具有非常 重要的作用。为了让小微企业能够持续健康的发展，国家和地方政府出台了一系列的信 贷政策，促进商业银行扶持小微企业发展。但是，相较于大型企业相对规范的管理制度， 小微企业财务、制度、流程等管理方面相对松散，这些因素使商业银行的小微企业信贷 风险管理存在巨大挑战。 在国家政策的扶持下，商业银行对小微企业信贷投放力度增加，对小微企业的发展 起到了雪中送炭的作用。XT银行作为地方的城市商业银行，为了能在当前市场站稳脚， 争取将利润最大化、风险最小化且各项指标符合监管部门的规定，抢占小微企业信贷市 场非常重要。对XT银行而言，近几年的不良贷款率仍呈上升趋势，对银行的资产质量 产生了不利影响。为了银行持续健康的发展，小微企业信贷部门的风险管理显得尤为重 要，急需加强小微企业信贷风险管理。 本文以XT银行小微企业信贷业务为例，阐述了银行小微企业信贷风险管理相关的 理论。通过对XT银行在小微企业信贷风险管理的现状进行分析，提出了完善XT银行 小微企业信贷风险管理的对策，并对政府、人民银行、XT银行提出了建议。在文章的 结尾总结了小微企业信贷管理出现不良的原因，并提出合理化建议，对于同银行业的信 贷风险管理同样具有参考和借鉴的意义，以此完善商业银行小微企业信贷风险的管理， 促进银行健康、良好发展。 关键词：小微企业XT银行信贷风险管理 河北大学硕士学位论文 II Abstract Thecurrentinternationaleconomicsituationiscomplexandchangeable.Since2015, China'seconomicgrowthhassloweddownyearbyyear.Atpresent,stableeconomicgrowth hasbecometheprimarytaskofChina'sdevelopment.InChina'seconomicsociety,smalland microenterprisesoccupyaspecialpositionintheoveralleconomy.Thedevelopmentofsmall andmicroenterprisesplaysaveryimportantroleinincreasingemployment,improving people'slivelihood,increasingimportandexport,andpromotinginnovation.Inordertomake smallandmicroenterprisesdevelopcontinuouslyandhealthily,thestateandlocal governmentshaveissuedaseriesofcreditpoliciestopromotecommercialbankstosupport thedevelopmentofsmallandmicroenterprises.However,comparedwiththerelatively standardizedmanagementsystemoflarge-scaleenterprises,thefinancial,system,processand othermanagementaspectsofsmallandmicroenterprisesarerelativelyloose,whichmakes thecreditriskmanagementofsmallandmicroenterprisesofcommercialbankshavegreat challenges. Withthesupportofnationalpolicies,commercialbankshaveincreasedtheircreditto smallandmicroenterprises,whichhasplayedaroleinhelpingthedevelopmentofsmalland microenterprises.Asalocalcitycommercialbank,XTbankisveryimportanttoseizethe creditmarketofsmallandmicroenterprisesinordertostandfirminthecurrentmarket,strive tomaximizeprofits,minimizerisksandmeettheregulationsoftheregulatoryauthorities.For XTbank,thenon-performingloanratioisstillontheriseinrecentyears,whichhasa negativeimpactontheassetqualityofthebank.Forthesustainableandhealthydevelopment ofbanks,theriskmanagementofsmallandmicroenterprisecreditdepartmentisparticularly important,soitisurgenttostrengthenthecreditriskmanagementofsmallandmicro enterprises. Inthispaper,XTbanksmallandmicroenterprisecreditbusinessasanexample, elaboratedthebanksmallandmicroenterprisecreditriskmanagementtheory.Basedonthe analysisofthecurrentsituationofXTbank'screditriskmanagementinsmallandmicro 摘要 III enterprises,thispaperputsforwardthecountermeasurestoimproveXTbank'screditrisk managementinsmallandmicroenterprises,andputsforwardsuggestionstothegovernment, thepeople'sBankandXTbank.Attheendofthepaper,itsummarizesthereasonsforthe poorcreditmanagementofsmallandmicroenterprises,andputsforwardreasonable suggestions,whicharealsoofreferenceandreferencesignificanceforthecreditrisk managementofthesamebankingindustry,soastoimprovethecreditriskmanagementof smallandmicroenterprisesofcommercialbanks,andpromotethehealthyandgood developmentofbanks. Keywords:SmallandmicroenterpriseXTbankcreditriskmanagement 河北大学硕士学位论文 IV 目录 摘要.........................................................................................................................................I 第一章绪论.............................................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景及研究意义............................................................................................1 1.1.1研究背景.................................................................................................1 1.1.2研究意义.................................................................................................2 1.2国内外研究现状....................................................................................................3 1.2.1国外研究现状.........................................................................................3 1.2.2国内研究现状.........................................................................................5 1.3本文的研究内容....................................................................................................6 1.4研究方法................................................................................................................7 1.5创新点....................................................................................................................7 第二章银行小微企业信贷风险研究基础.............................................................................8 2.1小微企业及其特点................................................................................................8 2.1.1小微企业界定.......................................................................................10 2.1.2小微企业的主要特点.............................................................................8 2.2银行的信贷风险....................................................................................................9 2.2.1信贷风险的定义.....................................................................................9 2.2.2信贷风险的分类...................................................................................10 2.3信贷风险管理的内容..........................................................................................13 2.4影响小微企业信贷风险管理的因素..................................................................15 2.4.1银行方面...............................................................................................15 2.4.2借款人方面...........................................................................................15 2.4.3社会经济环境方面...............................................................................15 2.4.4法律环境方面.......................................................................................16 第三章XT银行小微企业信贷风险管理现状和问题........................................................17 3.1XT银行概况.......................................................................................................17 目录 V 3.1.1XT银行简介........................................................................................17 3.1.2XT银行的组织结构............................................................................17 3.1.3XT银行小微信贷业务的发展............................................................23 3.2XT银行小微企业信贷风险管理概况...............................................................18 3.2.1XT银行小微企业贷款情况................................................................18 3.2.2XT银行小微企业信贷风险管理计划................................................21 3.2.3XT银行信贷风险管理计划的实施....................................................22 3.2.4XT银行对客户的筛选和风险评估....................................................23 3.2.5XT银行信贷决策和控制....................................................................25 3.2.6XT银行信贷风险贷款处置................................................................27 3.3XT银行小微企业信贷风险管理的问题...........................................................28 3.3.1XT银行小微企业信贷风险管理机制方面.......................................