I 摘要 近年来，在国家的淘汰落后产能和节能环保政策影响下，生活用纸行业技术改造 和转型升级也逐步完成，现代化产能占总产能的比例逐步提升，行业竞争加剧，不少 的中小微企业在升级中被淘汰。四川亿达纸业有限公司是一家集生活用纸精加工及销 售为一体的中小型企业，在市场竞争越发激烈的大背景下，面对原材料价格上涨、产 品类型单一、生产效率偏低、产成品合格率低等问题，亟需进行自我革新，不断提升 自身竞争力，以期在激烈的行业竞争中脱颖而出。 论文梳理了国内外运用精益生产理念、生产流程优化理论提高生产效率、提升产 品合格率、降低生产成本的研究成果，深入亿达纸业公司调查研究，首先对其生活用 纸生产流程进行系统梳理，将亿达纸业公司生产流程划分为生产计划、物料准备、车 间作业、入库运输四个阶段，并分阶段明确了流程内容、绘制了生产流程图。运用鱼 骨图和层次分析法识别亿达纸业公司生产流程中关键问题，并进行了一致性检验。通 过对亿达纸业公司生产流程的分析，发现其存在生产计划的客户需求调研不足、动态 调查能力不够，物料准备的等待时间过长、信息交换不及时，车间作业无标准作业指 导书、无工序定时管理、生产环境较乱、质检方式单一，入库运输阶段成品库存高、 信息化程度低等问题。其次文中使用流程优化方法细化了生产计划流程、物料准备流 程，对车间作业流程中卷纸作业制定了作业标准书、引入目视化管理、工序定时管理、 建立了质量控制标准，提出提高库存管理水平的方案。最后分析亿达纸业公司在生产 流程优化过程中，可能存在的市场风险，政策风险、时间风险以及内部的财务和管理 风险。为保障优化的有效实施，规避其可能存在的风险，研究进一步提出，亿达纸业 公司在生活用纸生产流程优化中，不仅需要进行生产流程层面进行优化，还应该从公 司的组织、财务、人力资源以及技术方面进一步优化。 关 键 词：亿达纸业公司；生产流程优化；精益生产；层次分析法 论文类型：研究报告 ABSTRACT II ABSTRACT In recent years, under the influence of the state's elimination of backward production capacity and energy conservation and environmental protection policies, the technological transformation and transformation and upgrading of the paper industry have been gradually completed, the proportion of modern production capacity in the total production capacity has been gradually increased, and the industry competition has been intensified. More and more small and micro enterprises have been eliminated in the reform and upgrading. Sichuan Yida Paper Co., Ltd. is a small and medium-sized enterprise integrating finishing and sales of paper for daily use. Under the background of increasingly fierce market competition, facing the dilemma of rising raw material price, single product type, low production efficiency and low qualified rate of finished products, it is urgent to carry out self-innovation, constantly improve its competitiveness and stand out in the fierce industry competition. This paper reviews the research results of using lean production concept and production process optimization theory to improve production efficiency, improve product qualification rate and reduce production cost at home and abroad, and conducts in-depth investigation and Research on Yida paper company. Firstly, the production process of Yida paper company is systematically sorted out, and the production process of Yida paper company is divided into production plan, material preparation, workshop operation, warehousing and transportation. In the four stages, the content of the process is defined and the production flow chart is drawn. Fish bone diagram and analytic hierarchy process were used to identify the main cause of problems in the production process of Yida paper company, and the consistency test was carried out. Through the analysis of the production process of Yida Paper Co., Ltd., it is found that there are insufficient customer demand investigation and dynamic investigation capacity for the production plan, long waiting time for material preparation, untimely information exchange, no standard operation instruction for workshop operation, no process timing management, chaotic production environment, single quality inspection method, high finished product inventory and information process in the warehousing and transportation stage. Low degree problem. Secondly, the process optimization method is used to refine the production planning process and material preparation process. The operation standard book, visual management, process timing management and quality control standard are formulated for the paper rolling operation in the workshop process, and the plan to improve the ABSTRACT III inventory management level is proposed. Finally, it analyzes the possible market risk, policy risk, time risk and internal financial and management risk in the process of production process optimization. In order to ensure the effective implementation of optimization and avoid its possible risks, the study further proposes that Yida paper company should not only optimize the production process, but also provide guarantee from the aspects of organization, finance, human resources and technology. KEY WORDS: Yida paper company; Production process optimization; Lean production; Analytic hierarchy process TYPE OF THESIS: Research Report 目 录 目 录 摘要 ........... I ABSTRACT .............................. II 1 绪 论 ........................... 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 1 1.1.1 研究背景 . 1 1.1.2 研究的意义 ............................ 2 1.2 国内外文献综述 2 1.2.1 生产流程优化提高生产效率 2 1.2.2 精益思想助力生产流程优化 4 1.2.3 文献评述 . 5 1.3 研究内容及框架 6 1.3.1 研究的主要内容 .................... 6 1.3.2 论文的框架 ............................ 6 1.4 研究方法 ............ 8 2 相关理论概述 ................ 9 2.1 基本概念 ............ 9 2.1.1流程 .......... 9 2.1.2 生产流程 . 9 2.1.2 生产流程优化 ........................ 9 2.2 流程语言和流程图 ......................... 10 2.2.1 流程语言 .............................. 10 2.2.2 泳道流程图 .......................... 11 2.3 鱼骨图分析法 .. 11 2.4 层次分析法（AHP） ..................... 12 2.5 5S管理.............. 14 3 亿达纸业公司生活用纸生产流程分析 ......... 16 3.1 亿达纸业公司简介 ......................... 16 3.2 亿达纸业公司生活用纸生产流程 . 17 3.2.1 制定生产计划 ...................... 19 3.2.2 物料准备 .............................. 20 3.2.3 车间作业 .............................. 22 3.2.4 入库运输 .............................. 24 3.3 亿达纸业公司生活用纸生产流程存在的问题 ............ 24 3.3.1 生产计划阶段 ...................... 25 3.3.2 物料准备阶段 ...................... 25 3.3.3 车间作业阶段 ...................... 26 3.3.4 入库运输阶段 ...................... 27 目 录 3.4 亿达纸业公司生产流程关键问题识别 ........................ 28 3.4.1 绘制鱼骨图 .......................... 28 3.4.2 层次分析法识别关键问题 .. 28 4 亿达纸业公司生活用纸生产流程优化措施 . 37 4.1 亿达纸业生活用纸生产流程优化目标 ........................ 37 4.2 关注客户需求，细化生产计划流程 ............................ 37 4.3 信息技术提高物料准备效率 ......... 39 4.4 车间作业实施精细化管理 ............. 41 4.4.1 引入标准化作业管理 .......... 41 4.4.2 加强目视化管理 .................. 44 4.4.3 完善工序定时管理 .............. 45 4.4.4 健全质量管理体系 .............. 47 4.5 提升库存管理水平 ......................... 49 5 亿达纸业公司生活用纸生产流程优化实施风险及保障措施 ...... 52 5.1 生产流程优化的风险分析与预防 . 52 5.1.1 外部风险 .............................. 52 5.1.2 内部风险 .............................. 52 5.1.3 风险预防与控制 .................. 53 5.2 生产流程优化实施的保障 ............. 53 5.2.1 组织结构改进保障 .............. 54 5.2.2 财务管理优化保障 .............. 54 5.2.3 人力资源管理保障 .............. 55 5.2.4 技术保障 .............................. 56 6 结论与展望 .................. 57 致 谢 .............................. 58