I 摘要 打赢脱贫攻坚战,是党的十九大报告明确提出的全面建成小康社会必须坚决打好 的三大攻坚战之一。农村金融实践反复证明一个事实，在所有的脱贫措施和思路中， 金融扶贫效果较为明显，是从输血式扶贫向造血式扶贫转变的一项重大举措，具有较 强的现实操作性，对脱贫工作的支撑也较为持久，后劲足，贫困户较为满意，能够帮 助他们实现稳定脱贫。特别在产业扶贫中全国范围内重点推广了扶贫小额信贷业务， 该业务推广实施以来，不仅能够较好地破解贫困户“贷款申请难、贷款成本贵、贷款 时间慢、贷款流程复杂、贷款资料繁多”的难题，而且可以有效激发贫困户开展生产 发展的内生动力，但扶贫小额信贷业务流程运行过程中仍然存在一些体制机制问题和 困难，亟待采取措施解决。 本文以TC银保监分局扶贫小额信贷业务流程改进为实例，通过对TC银保监分 局扶贫小额信贷业务流程现状进行综合分析，发现当下流程存在培训环节缺失、宣传 环节缺失、贷款三查环节不严谨、考核评价环节缺失等问题，针对这些问题，提出需 要对当前信贷流程进行优化改造，明确流程再造的要求是尽可能简化高效，使群众满 意，依法合规，符合内外部审计的合规要求。扶贫小额贷款流程改进再造的主要目标 是确保能够为贫困户提供便捷、优质、高效的金融服务，根据客户类别，将该业务规 划设计成为能够对贫困户融资需求动态变化做出及时反馈的高效业务流程，同时在业 务流程中注重嵌入必要的风控机制，坚持以高效率的流程为出发点规划好组织架构并 科学配置人力物力财力科技资源，确保业务流程运行高效便捷。进而提出改进流程的 原则为坚持精准扶贫，坚持依法合规，坚持发展生产、保障长期获益，完善风险补偿 机制，加强风险控制。明确流程再造的主要内容有：增加培训环节，从整合各类培训 资源方面着手，提出加强对贫困户的培训工作。增加扶贫政策宣传环节，从成立宣传 中心、建立长效机制、明确职责分工、制定工作计划等方面，强化政策宣传。改进三 查环节中增加了贷后管理环节和优化风险防控环节，贷后管理重点从非现场检查、入 户实地检查两个方面着手，在贷款发放后加强对资金使用情况和发展生产情况的监测 引导；优化风险防控环节从成立贷款分类部门、不良清收部门两个方面着手加强风险 防控。贷款三查环节还重点对调查与审查环节、贷款审批环节进行了优化改进。对优 化考核环节从调整考核权重、增加被考评单位两个方面进行了优化。为保障流程顺利 推进，提出四项保障措施，分别是完善机制和系统支持，推进宣传培训体系建设；完 善信贷制度，落实好整改问责机制；加大人才培养，坚持支农支小市场定位；加强信 用建设，净化金融生态环境。通过对流程进行优化再造，着力解决现行流程运行中存 在的问题，为更好推进扶贫小额信贷工作提供一种思路和工作路径，希望可以为相关 西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文 II 研究做出一定的理论探索。 关键词：金融扶贫；扶贫小额信贷；流程改进 ABSTRACT III ABSTRACT Wining over the battle of poverty alleviation,clearly raised inthe report at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, is one of the three tough battles that must be fight against resolutely to build an all-round moderately prosperous society. The rural financial practice repeatedly proves one fact that among all measures and thoughts of getting out of poverty, the effect of financial poverty-aidis relatively evident, which is a major measure shifting from blood transfusion type poverty relief to hematopoietictype poverty relief and has stronger realistic operability; its support to the work of poverty alleviation is relatively lasting, gathering more and more momentum; poor households are satisfied with it and it can help them achieve poverty alleviation stably. Duringthe process of poverty alleviation through industry, it focuses on promoting microfinance business of poverty alleviation worldwide; after promotion and implementation, this business can better solve poor households’difficult problems that “the application of loan is difficult; the cost of loan is expensive; loan time is slow; loan process is complex; loan material is various” and it can effectively stimulate endogenous power of poor households to conduct production and development. But there are still some problems and difficulties of system mechanismurgent to be taken measure to solve in the process operation process of microfinance business of poverty alleviation. Taking process improvement of microfinance business of poverty alleviation inTC banking and insurance regulatory branch bureau as a case, this paper conducted a comprehensive analysis of current situation of process of microfinance business of poverty alleviation in TC banking and insurance regulatory branch bureau and found that in present process, there were problems such as lack of training link, lack of propagation link, not rigorous three check link of loan and lack of assessment and evaluation link. Based on these problems, it came up with the need for optimization and improvement of current credit process, made it explicit that the requirement for process reengineering was to be simplified and efficient to the best of our ability, makegeneral public satisfied, conform to law and regulation and comply with the requirement of internal and external audit. The main objective of improvement and reengineering of microfinance process of poverty alleviation was to make sure that it could provide convenient, high-quality and efficient 西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文 IV financial business for poor household. According client type,it planned and designed this business as efficient business process to be able to make timely feedback according to dynamic change of poor household’s financing need; it focused on built-in necessary risk management mechanism, insisted on taking efficient process as starting point to plan organization structure and scientifically allocate manpower, material resource, financial resources and technological resource to make sure efficient and convenient operation of business process. It further came up with the principle of improving process that was to insist on targeted poverty alleviation, conforming to law and regulation and developing production, guaranteeing long-tern profit, perfecting risk compensation mechanism and enhancing risk control. It clearly determined main content of the reengineering of process: to add traininglink, and come up with enhance the training work to poor household starting from integrating all kinds of training resources. It should add the propagation link of poverty relief policy and strength policy propagation from the perspectives of founding propagation center, establishing long-term mechanism, clearly determining segregation of duties and formulating work plan. It should add management link after loan and link of optimization of risk control in improving three check link; management after loan focused on off-site check, on-site check and after granting loan; it strengthened the monitoring and guide of capital use and development of production. The optimization of the link of risk control started from founding loan classification department and non-performing loan recovery department to strengthenrisk control. The three check link of loan also focused on optimizing and improving investigation and inspection link, and loan examination and approval link. To ensure pushing process successfully, it came up with three safeguard measures, namely perfecting mechanism and supporting system, and pushing the construction of propagation training system. It improved credit system and implemented rectification and accountability mechanism. It increased personnel training and insisted on the orientation of supporting agriculture and small and micro businesses. It strengthened credit construction and purified financial eco-environment. Through optimizing and reengineering process, it focused on solving the existing problems in current process operation and provided thoughts and work path for pushing microfinance work of poverty alleviation and hoped to make some theoretical exploration for relevant research. Keywords: Financial poverty alleviation; microfinance of poverty alleviation; process improvement 插图索引 V 插图索引 图3. 1 扶贫小额信贷现有运行流程 ................... 14 图3. 2 扶贫小额信贷办理流程 ........................... 17 图3. 3 扶贫小额信贷内部审批流程 ................... 18 图3. 4 扶贫小额信贷问题分析 ........................... 20 图4. 1 扶贫小额贷款流程改进 ........................... 29 图4. 2